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\
\ '4
\
i • ■
' PROGRESSIVE LESSONS
CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE;
' LISTS OF COMMON WORDS AND PHRASES,
i AND AN APPENDIX CONTAINING THE
LAWS OF TONES IN THE PEKING DIALECT.
j
\
!
* JOSEPH EDKINS,
1
LONDON MISSIONARY SOriRTV.
PEKING, : :: .. : :.
• «
SECOND EI)lTlO\.
SHANGHAI!
PRESBVTERIAN MISSTOK PRESS.
1864. \
PREFACE
This little work is intended to assist beginners in the Chinese
spoken language. The request has often been made to me, to pre-
pare a simple work in the form of a Vocabulary, as being a want
felt by learners. The attempt is here made to supply this want,
and to provide a manual which may be suitable for those, who wish
to acquire the common phrases of conversation, Tfithout attempting
to unravel the more subtle intricacies of the language.
In the first part of the woA the standard Mandarin orthography
has been used. It is found in a printed form in the Wu fang yuen
yin 3l /J 7C "§*' * compact and useful native dictionary which
may be advantageously consulted for the sounds of words. Far-
ther on, (57th page) I have adopted the peculiarities of the Peking
dialect, — ^which are given with great fulness in Mr. Wade's recent
and valuable work "The book of Experiments."
In the Appendix will be found the laws of the Peking dialect in
regard to tones, which will be of assistance to those who may be
perplexed by iucoiigruities, which are here reduced to something
like a system.
All who dt'siro to become really good speakers in this language
iJjoiild study t ho ton e s.. The knowledge of this peculiarity in Chi-
nese words, leiids great distinctness to what is said, and the dry-
ness ( * t ..« study is much more than compensated, by the pleasure
found i' 1/L i J i^ readily understood. The difficulty experienced in
disjtinguiciiiii^ and learning the tones is much less than is general-
ly supposed.
The tones are marked in this work chiefly according to the stan-
dard five- tone system, or that now prevailing at Nanking, and
in the northern part of Kiang-su and Ngan-hwei. Such is the
system adhered to in the native Mandarin dictionary mentioned
above, and by Premare. Morrison, Medhurst. and other authors.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Lessons
1 to 52.
Lessons.
32.
Surgery.
1 to 11.
Common Words.
33.
The Well.
12.
Boating.
34.
Dinner.
13.
The House.
35.
Arresting a Criminal.
Buying Land.
14.
Money.
36.
15.
The Country.
37.
Tigers.
16.
The Body.
38.
Elephants.
17.
Conversation.
39.
Silver mines.
18.
Tailor.
40.
Water.
19.
Society.
41.
Coals at Peking.
20.
Messages.
42.
Junk Navigation.
21.
Measures.
43.
Furs. [factures.
22.
Worship.
44.
Importecl foreign Manu-
23.
Man.
45.
Foreign Tribute.
24.
Time.
46.
Emperor's Seal.
25.
Strength and Skill.
47.
Gratitude, an anecdote.
26.
Mason's work.
48.
Generosity, an anecdote.
27.
Study.
49.
Self-control, an anecdote.
28.
Ancestors.
50.
Integrity, an anecdote.
29.
Servants.
51.
Rules for a free School.
30.
Trade.
52.
A Cavern..
31.
War.
Lists op Useful Words and Short Phrases.
1.
Place and Direction.
20.
2.
Time.
21,
3.
Affirmative and Negative
22.
Expression.
23.
4.
Common Adjectives.
24.
5.
Prepositions.
25.
6.
Postpositions.
26.
7.
Fragmentary Clauses at
27.
the end of Sentences,
28.
8.
Conjunctions,
29.
9.
Names of Imports, Wax,
10.
Incense, Pepper, etc. [etc.
30.
11.
Medicines,
31.
12.
Miscellaneous articles.
32.
13.
Marine productions.
33.
14.
Dyes and Colours.
34.
15.
Woods.
35.
16.
Time pieces. Telescopes,
36.
17.
Cotton Goods. [etc.
37.
18.
Woollens, etc.
38.
19.
Metalf".
39.
Precious Stones, etc
Animal Products.
Exports — Oil, Wax, etc.
Medicines.
Miscellaneous Articles.
Colours, Paper, etc.
Various Wares.
Wood.
Clothing.
Native Linen and Cotton
M^ufactures.
Silk Manufactures.
Articles of Food, etc.
Common Utensils.
Vegetables.
Domestic Animals.
Birds.
Fishes.
Cart Furniture, etc.
Words Used in Building.
Liquids,
m
40.
Clothing.
47.
41.
Sickness.
48.
42.
Boat furniture, etc.
49.
43.
House furniture.
50.
44.
Insects, Keptiles, etc
51.
45.
Common Verbs.
52.
46.
Distinctive numeratives.
Appendix.
Significant numeratires.
Weights and Measures.
Collectives. [ty.
Auxiliary nouns of qukli-
Numeralparticlesto verbs
Phrases at an Inn.
I. Tones of the Peking dialect.
II. Tones of Nanking dialect.
III. Tones at Chefoo.
Alphabet and Tone, marks.
1. The five vowels i, e, a, o, u, when they are not followed by
a final n or ng, have the Italian sound. They are the Towels con-
tained in the words fee, fay, papa, foe, too.
2. The vowels i,/e^ when followed by^ormg^are pronounced
as the vowels in fin^ ^nd juiA But after i and y, the vowel e is to
L A, o, u,
be sounded as e in sent.
when n and ng follow are un-
.'-k
affected by that circumstance.
3. The vowel i is heard like e, in mlddl^ lass^. ancl^
4. The vowel ii is heard like u, in the French words /w, U7ie.
T). The vowel e is heard as the first e, in there, or as ea in bear.
6. The mute and sibilant consonants k, t, p, f, s, sh, ch, are
pronounced as in English. Though sometimes a little softened in
northern dialects, so as to be heard like g, d, b, etc, this need not
be noticed in expressing their proper orthography.
7. An inverted comma above the line follows the consonants
k, t, p, ts, ch, when they are aspirated* In such cases a strong
guttural aspirate closely follows the sound of these consonants.
Pronounce the word Tahiti without the vowel a. This might be
expressed by T'iti, according to the orthography now explained.
8. In the mandarin of the north and the west, the mitials h and
s coincide before i and a. The sound formed by this union may
be denominated a sibilant h, or an aspirated s, and the spelling hs
has been proposed for it, but it will probably become sh in the
course of years.
9. In the same dialects, ts and k coincide before the same vo-
wels i and u. The sound thus formed may be written k, ts, or ch.
It is not plainly defined, and is constantly hovering between these
various phonetic values. After a further period of change, it will
probably determine itself finally into a distin ct ch. Every word
is pronounced evenly, or with a rising or falling mflectior. , .f the
voice, or with a double inflection. It may be pitched high or low,
according to the usage of any particular dialect, and be euuiiclated
quickly or slowly. All words in the language are arranged in fuar
or five large groups, and one of these tones or inflections is attached
to each. Thus the great class to which each word belongs is
known, by the intonation with which it is habitually prv».iOuuced.
10. The five tone-classes are marked in the foUowino: manner:
Tone class.
Chinese name.
Examples,
First tone.
Second tone.
Third tone.
Fourth tone.
Fifth tone.
Jt ^ shang p^ing
Jl ^ shang sheng
^ ^ C^hu sheng
>A ^ juh sheng
7^ ^ hia p^ing
H. 'wu
^ wu^
^ wuh
fift .wu
^J^ For Nanking mandarin, the fourth tone-class or juh
sheng is marked with a final h. In the North, the words of
this tone-class are distributed amon^ the othor ton^ classes,
and the number of toncjs is then four.
\..
u . t U • '
PROGRESSIVE LESSONS
IN THE
, CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE.
LESSON 1.
^ 'Wo, L
i^ 'Ni, fhou.
0^ )^ Shu ^ mull, ^rees.
jShiu &/>oA:.
Shi'S ^5; was.
'Wo .men, t(;c.
'Ni .men, yoii.
,T^a .men, ^Aey.
.C^hwen, slii^hmt^
-^^ 'Shui, toater.
^15 i® Na^ koS that
>^ Puh, %o^.
^ .Lai, come.
come.
Tih, sign of possessive.
^ 10 A ^ >^5 che^ ko' .ie n puh .lai, t his man i
^ '{f^ 1^ ^ 'wo .men tih x^hwen, our ship.
j^-'lfl ll^ ^ ^^'a -D^^n tih ,81, their silk.
^ A^ &^^ 1P1 1^^ P^^ s^'i^ '^^ -^^^ *^^? **^ **^ *^^^ ^^^^^•
i M ^^ fe 'f^ l^^ ^he^ko i ,shu puh-^In- 'ni-tih, this
book i^ot ypurs.
^' • LESSON 2.
^ 'Yen, have ; there is. f^ 'Hau, jyooc?.
^ ^ Mull 'yeu, /law not. ^ f^ Puh 'hau, had.
jj 51 Che^ li, here. ^|5 ^ Na/ 'li, there.
jrV ^ Che' yuii<5', this sort. ^ ^ Na' yang', thM sort.
U/t^
i9E Tsai^ at; in; to be at (ff9, Tu, all
_^ ,To, wa?^y. ^ Wkm,j[ew,y ^
Jt-T^S S^^eaiJ. ^tjSiau, little^;
-^A^ Aji --y,* ^ j-^ I villi/ ■ ' u uf^^u, iuun.
i^m^^mW A^ che' ko'p uhshi < ' hau .jen, this is not a
W \^ 'hau .jen 'shau, good mMn are few.
IS ^ ^ ^sai' che^ ai 'yeu 'shui, ^Aere t5 w;a^er here.
fe 10 ^ >!^ j^ che^ ko^ ,81 pub^^haii, this is not good silk.
#» ffl ^ ^ i^ $ ,t'a .men ,tu tsai^ che^ 'li, they c^e all
here ^^"
xa la^VI^yA ^ cli^^^ang^l^liu^^ ^rees o/ ^/iis sort
are good.
is S 1^^ A ^ :^^ che^ 'li tih .jenpi^^u, the men here
are not few. ""^
A # ^ /J^ # i^ ^ ta^ ,slm 'yeu. 'siau ,sliu muh 'yen,
thire are large looks^ hut no small ones.
LESSON 3.
^ ^ .Na .lai, bring.
^ 'Tsen, loalh.
M^ ® jTung ,si, thing.
^ JS Sheu^ 'mo, what?
B^ Kiau^, call; is called.
^ H^ ,1 fuh, clothes.
^•^ .Na k'n' (c'-hii), take
iK/j^S 90' [aioaij.
JI^Bhii^.^t^mg, ajna^ter.
^ 'Na 'li, tohere ?
)^ '^. Mi when?
Pu,^, cotton cloth.
i il. 'SJi^ w;ot;e7i szYi/joo^ir/e^^)?^!!^, ftoWZe : pitcher.
3^S 1l5l ^ ^ -& J^ che^ ko^ .c^heu kiau^ shen' 'mo,' what'is
this silk called ? ' ' [good thing.
015 1® ^ ^ A na^ ko^ .j^ng puh ta', that bottle is not large. ~^ '^'^ *
>i^ ^ ^ 6^ 35cJ^ P^^^:*^^ >o4ih ^'^i^ they are not my
clothes.
'ftfc -^ "^v j*^^ PJE^-^S '^^ ^^'^ ^^^ fl'^-
^ W ^ -^^ ?sh^ -l^^j Sn/ijr 6ooi:s.
^ ® ^ -^ >tung ,8i .na kHi^, %ie ^/ie things aioay.
jifif 5?I5 ^ .c'hwen 'na 'li, tohere is the boat?
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ijni^ 'ki ^shi .naTlai, ^t^/ie^i did you bring the
cloth?
\w
fyd[. / LMAw^^ '^-uc'
A.
J
ia W >w ^ ^^^^ y^-ng' 5S1 ,to, ^/icre /s much of this silk
(raw silk,) ^-^ - ,„.--— -^
^ HI ^ ^ ^ "A l*^''^' yang^ )i ^u'^mu l]j p uli ta ^j ^/ia^ 7cmc?
0/ tree is not large.
LESSON 4,
I ' ^^ M>^ "^^^^ '^^' ^^^' ^'''*'- ^)l ^#Che''moyangV/^««s-
^' ^^T^siijen^^ ; WioZe. ^ ^\jMW' ''-t^sen 'mo yang^,
. ^^Koh, eac/i ; every. 'fSJC Tso^, do ; make. [hotv?
tf^ jSie, a/et<; o/l 5^1 .Ho, with ; harmony.
is S ^'^®' 5^^^; ^'^^'^ ^^^'^ ^f' Pf -T^ung, together with,
|ttj Hiang^, toivqrds ; to. s/^'.T'sung, /rom ; to accord
f^ Shwoh, ^0 sai/ ; speaking, ^ Yau', ^0 ^(;aw^ ; 66(7.- [with,
nfffii S i% "W j^^^ t si^ 'ki muh 'yen, Jie himself has it nd{,^
^ in tfe "S* 'wo .men .t'siuen k^ii', lo^ to^j^l go.
fS> -^ (t^ ^ ^/jai^hu^ kiau' yt^a .lai, ^o awe? call him.
^ B# # ±. yfe^ 'ki],shrrt^g siiaiig' 'hai .lai, when
did you come from Shanghai ?
m^AUBMM^'^ chel^gifejen ,tu shi- 'Kwang
jtung .lai tih, these persons ( or persons of this sort ) all
come from Canton.
^ A. S S ift koh .jen tsi^ /ki shwoh, ?e^ each one speak
for himself.
t^ >S ^ ^ W .t^siuen shi^ che' 'mo yang^, it is all so.
^ "^ "M* JS P^^ t^^^ shen^ 'mo, he does nothing.
it % ^^ H # Uf &^ clie^ J>^'\'t?SP.>o yang/ tso^ tih,
/^oii; is this cloth made ?
h^ WR ^ "©f 1^ .c^heu 'na 'li tso^ tih, ivhere is tvgven silk
'inade ?
^^1 "ftft i^ ^ -J^C >8ft hiang^ ,t^a shwoh yau^ ^i-fuh, he said
to Jujn that he wanted clothes.
LESSON 5.
J 'Liau, sign of the past.
1^ Kih ( 'koi ), give.
^ H\va*5 language ; words
\^% \i, liual interrogative.
^ .Hung, red.
Kv^'ti^ , picture ; to draw.
jTeng, lamp.
' ,Kin, gold.
\) '\^ j ^^ ~fl^! %^J^-^^K!l^K.
f^ .Men, door. fX ^Kin, a catty ; vl^fts.
% 'Sie, to lorite. ^ Tsi', characters.
f|i ^ ,Chung kwoh, CAma. ^\ @ Wai' kwoh, /om^w.
I^^ Hien< tsai', at^rescnt.M. '^ .Hwang ti', emperor.
-jfj^'^ T'ai' .yang , fAe sun. ^ ^ Yueh Hang', f/ie moon.
' ": Pih, ^jcwctf-joew. '^i^'"' ^"-P^**'
)^ a^'wo,/o7- we. ^(^.C 'ha sfih , teajn ka^.
■j' ^ ^ 'sie 'liau tsl' .ni, have you written f
1^ #. '^ M kih_{ 'kei ) ,t'a 'chi yung', give him paper to
use.
.^ =f. ^ !^ ^ .na pih .lai 'sie tsi"', bring a pencil to write.
^ 1@ |X n 'yen ko' .hung .men, there is a red door.
^ S ^ ^ .nahwa' .laik'an', bring pictures forms to see.
§S ^ M ^ iff 1^ Wen' tsai' .hwang ti' 'hau tih, the pre-
sent emperor is good.
^^ ^^ muh'-y eu yueh-liang', there is no moonlight.
-jSt^'M :^*>i' .ya^^'ai' ta', the sun is very potoerful.
ik §^ i |ifc-,t'a_tih ,i-fuli .hung, his clothes are red.
LESSON 6.
■— Yih, one ; a. :^ L^h or lieu', six.
H El', two. -k T'sih, seven.
H ,San, three. A Pahj e^V/i*-
Pg Si',/oMr. ;^ 'Kieu, nine.
3L 'Wu,/«e. + ShTh, ten.
Ko', nunpsl forjgfin, etc.^ Ten, root, numeral for
'Mai, buy. M Mai', seZZ, '^'^'^
^ Yung', fo Mse; eat. JH A XEngSJeHj servawf
li .Neng, ca«. [«?% (|g,0'hweS; tovn^ ; p^^
^@i! Wei' shen' 'm<i^^ 'B^B^J^, to know:
-^ i® M A *'sili ko' yung' .jen, seven serv^ts.
^ H R9 i® yau' ,san si' ko', I loant three or four.
%^frW ^'toai^'wu ,kin .c'ha yeh, buy five catties
of tea.
5 IR 6^ A *niai 'chi tih .jen, a man who sells paper.
^ki- ^ ^ ;C'hwen .hung ,i fuh, he^J>n red clothes.
xa
.na jSan kp^ jteng, bring, three lamps,
^ luh ko^ .jen jung^^.c^ha^ six men tooj^ea.
— ' 2JC ^ 'niai yih- tjen-^hijj J% a hook.
^^>f^
S W ^^^^ '^^ V^ .neng 'mai ^shu, here hooks
cannot he bought,
^^ J^^^ ^^^' shen' 'mo puli c'hti^ tohy do you not
goi
LESSON 7.
Ma i^i^Mssijs^^fjosL
Shwah, to hrusli
jTing, a nail^^
Ting', to n^il, ,
"^ Man', slow ; sloioly,
jTau, knife ; sioord,
C'hi'h fan', talze dinner.
Hioh (.hiaii), to learn.
y^ K'an', to see,
^ .C'ha, to seek.
\^ .Hiai tsi', shoes,
) Jj(^jSi lien', loash one'sface,^
'Tseu 111', to loalk.
K'wai', sha7p ; quickly ;
Fan', rice, [soo
f^ 'Hau, tvell ; good ; do7ie,
^ ,T'ien, heaven ; day ; wea-j^ Ti', eaHh.
h Shang', above, [ther,'^ Hia', ie?ozi?.
^ ® >1^ ^ J ,tiing^ j8i(j;)iili kifinj)'liau, ^/iz^ig^s are lost.
^JR'J is 1© ^ ^^'.sliwali.bhe' ko' ,i fuh, brush these clothes.
^ ^5 10 P^'t^^g^ -^^ ^^^' .men, nail that door,
*^ IS ^ ^^^' ^^^' 'tseu, t(;^Z^ sloivhj ; i(;ai^ a Z/^^Ze.
^ ^ '^'tseu lu' k'wai', he walks fast,
i^ M W fixf v^l^'^au 'ni tih(lien^y t«;a5A your face well.
^ "Sf W P^^'^ '^^^ k'an', not good to see,
-y* shwah Mai^ts^iJ^hrush shoes.
^ yj ^ TiQi k'wai' ,tau .lai, h^ing a sharp knife,
Mi^^f 3*^^ -^^^ k'wai' 'liau, hewill come soon,
j^ ^ ^ muh 'you hioli, / have not yet learneS.
LESSON 8.
^ ,Sheng i', trade,
^ Kwei', dear ; honourable,
i Jell, hot.
TO ^ jT'ieii 'li, ^Vl the fields,
Tsien', c/ieap ; pQW^-
VLeng, cold.
^^Fxihyoxi^, I do not want, ^ Heh (jhei), black,
'Ig g^ .Man .t^eii, bread, Peh (.pai), ivhite.
•^ Wg Slii\ 't^i^/a matter
^ rTsaiyearZy.
:^ ^ jShen 'tsi, bodjf,
]^ 'Tm^most, - ^• »
•^ jivlh, ?i02^7. ^ l^/Yeu liien^, not much ;
J\^ ,Sin, heart] mind. ^ ^yK^^'c^i), rise ; &e^m.
!R 6^ -^ ^^^£wei)-ti]a puh_jau^, ^ cZear, I do not want it,
ia 10 ^ ^ ^^^'^ koYHing tsien^'-^Ais is the cheapest,
3g|J 09^^ -^ tau' .t^ien li c'^tti^, gro intQ the fields,
^ 3^ >1^ ^ '^i •'^ai P^l^ (Hsau, you have not come early,
^Wi ^ ^ ,t'ienj[eh 'c^lil .lai, the tveatJier isgroiping hot.
^ }^ ^ ^ 1^ (t4en i^'leng yau^ ,c'liwen tih, tvhen the wea-
ther is cold I shaUtvear it,
^M^^ jtf '^heng i^ puh 'hau, trade is bad,
>A. -W R^ .jen^euffi'en'^. there are few men,
4^ j^ A B^ fg HH c het-,sie>,ien c%'h .man'^^t^eu, these
people eat bi^ead,
^ ^ ^ |5 ^ ;^^ heh tih ,to peh tih 'shau, there are
many blacky but few white,
o/* black tea,
Jp. ^ 3^ Hsaii^flf^lai, cowe earlier,
#1 ^ ^ #♦ 11 .^^^ puK 'hiau^eh^hi- rM. /. .^)/36^ ho/
7j?ioit; matted: - -^ ' •
• /
^
LESSON 9.
{ |g 'Hen, ecoceedingly (initial i^# M. Tehjlien, cx.CLaV..«fii
1^7^ .Mien ,hwa, co«ou. ^ -^ Tvv^an' 'M. s./<i"/? • [ (lii' )
'X C'hih, /oof. ^ T'sunS mcA.
^ -^ 'Ki ko', how many .i* ^ ^ 'HajLi ,to, vcrij inaay.
^ ,Shwang, a pair. ^0'(i%imixoine; spirit.
||,Ki,/ot<;Z. Rgj^. "Chill juh (juu'), '■*
^ .Yang, s^ee/) ; yoae. # .Chu, 2)«V. [ w /•
H .Yu,.M. t]^^Ta,'^'eaf;t•a^/^.
WU«a;
.o>- f : *a «
5|ic \HE 'ttfer kieii^ sing' ining', to save life,
LESSON 12. BOATING.
•^ ^.,Sien ,sheiig, sir : feach-^ ,Cheii, true,
^ Hwa^5 words. [^^'-Bf '^ ^^^"^^ ^^^^S ifrz^/y.
jl^ '^.G'hwen;chvi, chief boat-i^ .T4ng, ^o 6'^o^.
g^ 'Ma ,t^e\i, Jetty. \ ma^i.m, Y^u^ to scull.
f^ .Mail, anchor. (wi ,P'aii, to cast.
P^eng, sail. ^ 'C'hi, to raise.
^ Hia', to let fall. |g 'Lu, a scull.
^ Tsiang'j oar] to row. ||j^ Shim^ favourable.
^ j|8f jJK^ai .c^hwen, toj^t. (oj ^ Hiang^ ,tung, ^o ^o eas^.
^ 7JC . C^hau 'shui, ^e. i5 ^ ,81 jpien, tvestward.
.Nan, soi(^/i. :^(;J ^Peh mien^, northwards.
,Sieu, ^0 repair. ^^ 'Wang, to go. [sir?
^ ^Ij Jl> R jSien jshengjau/ 'na li, ivhei^e ivill you go,
§S ^ % ^ hien^ tsai'^^au jma^^now cast ancho r.
P3 1® A^ 1^ )^ s'i^ ko^ .jen '^auS .c'hwen,^ /owr men are
sculling.
^i ^ ^ 'wang ,tung 'tseii, //o to the eastward.
% m 3®? "Sv hiang' .nan ,pien c'hu^, go to the southward.
i ^ ij^ ^ .^ k^vai' k^vai^ 'c'\iiCp'eiig\raise the sail quickly.
i ^ ij^ ^ k^vai^ k^vai' .yau, scmTquicUy.
W^ :^ ^yt j^(,clien slii'' J^s;ai^x2iwen. ?Y is indeed a fast
boat. -^
5^ 1^ 'W ^^J.i'^^i\ «iiA 'y<'^i -I'li? ^^'<' f'tofl^tide has not
begun. "' '
^ ^ B^ sliuu' jfung .ni, /« ^//e wind fair !f
>^ :^ 1^ '\^^ y^^^^ V'^i*^^ ^^'^- '^^'"^^''^ needs * pairing.
^1& ifi "^ T -^^''liwcii ^k'ai c'liti* 'lian, tlr boat has started.
^ ^^ ^ i^ ^ .;^'i"o .^"li^vcn tscii* cli.-' qi^ .vfo/> the boat
here.
'*4 /iBf i 5|5 kiau^ .c^liwen 'elm .lai, call the boatman here.
LESSON 13. THE HOUSE.
"Hf P^.T^sieii.men,/row^rfoo7'.^ ,Kwan, to shut.
^ Kai', to build. §c 3® jPo M. glass.
^ yV K'el) .jon, 5r?rc6'f. I J®J tQ-^'^V^'^^^^o? windoic.
10
,T*i, istalrs.
Clioli, tahh,
C'lnvang, ^7.
*^ .T^ang, hall
§ j^ 5 Shu .fang, library.
1^ .Leu, upper-story.
1^ Jt .Leu eliang^, upatairs, ^ _
^ .T^'sia^g, ivall ^ '^^^^rfij;^ stove.
^ ^ i^ ^ jkwan ,po .li ,cai\vang, close the glass loindows,
^ ff M ^ -W ft\f tsai^ ,sliu .fang 'li 'yen tih, it is iii the
Uhray^y.
H PI ^ ^ .t'sien .men puli ,k'ai, the front door is not
(ST^ ^ ^ Jl^^yili .t'iau .c^liang .t^mang, htiU a long
JLi^^^shang^ ,pien kai' .leu, htnld an upper-story
above,
^ A ^ l9t ^ -t k'eh .jen tsoj tsai^ .t-'ang sliang^, ^/^c
guests are sittioig in the hall.
^ JL 1^ ^ ,^ .leu shang' muli 'yeu ^^3^^, there is no
space upstair^.
^ ^ ;i^ ^ Mb ^ k^eh .t^ang muh >eu (ti^>n , fAc 7-ecr;-
ifiOTi hall has no wooden floor.
i A ^ ^ 'chu .je n tso' .nan, ^Ae yyiaster sits to the soutJi-
ward.
LESSON 11 MONEY.
^^ .Tjsign, vi07iey ; cash. :^ 'Chan, to make up money.
# ^ .Yang .t^sien, rfo^for. JfJ "^^Ying .yang, J/eo;. rfo?-
P3 ^ ^^"i^'^h shilling. ^ -^TyIu 'tsi, S27t;er. [Zar.
fjl Cluh, to he tvorth. ^ .Hwan, return thuncffx^^-^
^ ^ Tui' hwan^, exchange. ^ ^ ,To 'shau, hotv many '{
^ Tsien', poor ; cheap. rfj _L Shi' shang', m f/ie mar-
ket.
^ Kwei^, honourable; dear, f^ _£1 ,Kiai shang', in the
M^^ 'Chang Vhi .lai,:fc T'aiS ^00. istreet.
rise higher, (e. g. price of dollars ; also of the tide rising. )
— 'p§ Yih'liang, tqell oz^Tzce.^.T'sien, wace; 1-lOth of an
^ ,Fen, candareen; l-100^7i ^ Kioh,taithofa dollar, [oz.
of an oz. or dollar.
^^^i^ tui' hwan^ (^yang .t'sien, change the dollars.
11
n^^^ X W iS ^ 'clum 'ni r? jjeli ko^ .t'sien, /;.)«?/ ijou
tivo Jumdred cash, [lavs /
^ ^"^^S^'^' jto'shau jying .yang, how many Mexican doU
TIj Jl ^ f^ ^ shi- shang^ niuli teli 'niuij none to he bought
in the market.
^^ E® ^ -f^ ^ ^tuiig jsi kwei' teh 'hen, the things are very
dear,
1^ IM ifSi ^ ^ •y*'^"S 1^1^' 'chang 'c4ii .lai, ^/^e ^r?ce o/ the
dollar is rising,
^ fi^ — ' ^ m ^ .hwan 'ni yih 'liang ri^ .t^sien. I return
you one tael and tioo mace,
— ^ P3 ^ 3^^^ J^^^^^ s^^ ?^"^^j three-tenths and four-hun-
dredsjif a dollar ; 34 cents,
^ "^'vi|v^. ^ • J^S:^^ I iien^ t sai^ tsien^, at present silver
is cheap,
fM ^ !!^ S ^^^^^ .t^'sien t^ai^ kwei', the price is too muth,
^ "fja ^ pull clii'li .t^sien, i^ is not tvorth anijthing.
^Z^^-'r, --^ LEf^S^ 15. THE COUNTEY.
2|C ^Ten5hiaag,?w?/V27Za^e.@^ Chung^ ti^, to soto.
\ ^IJ nf^ jHiang liia', ^'/i ^Ae vi?-^ Chuh, bamboo,
"^ jT^sun, a village, [lages.^ 'Li, Chinese mile,
^ ^ jFung .Hang, cooZ. '~ M ,S an 'li, English mile,
^ !^,Hwa 't^saUj/oi^er^ and^ j^ 'Tseu 'yuen, ^^;aZ/<; /ar.
grass. ^ Hieh, ^o res^
^ ^ ,Kin .nien, if/^^s year. ^ ^ Puh p^a^, not fear.
y -^^ ^^S ^.Yeuwaii^,z^a?i/or^fea-j£ ^ Kin^ lii^, near roar/.
¥4 "^ Yah 'tsi, c?itc7<;. [sure,^ ^ Hwei^ 'tseu, carj walk.
^ |§,K^anyah, w;a^cA dwcAs.^ ^ ,Sin 'k^u, tilled.
^J"^ ^ "F 'Siau .hai 'tsY, little^ ^ ,Fung 'ehui, t^md anci
bqy. loater.
JBb 'Chwang, cZz^s^er of houses '^YS ;j)|CChuh Jin, bamboo grove.
home stead,
^ M, 'Yen ,t^su, pretty. • ^fl Kwah, to bloiv.
^J ^ r 'i' tau^ jhiang: hia' c^hti^, go into tM country.
f ;t
1-2
M$ [* /V jhiang Lia^ .jeiK countryman.
X^TE*^ J ^hari^^^kim^sM liau, to gofomarJcet.
^i^^ If^ A jk^an }"i}} till jen, a duck'hee2:>ei\
'^ IPIJ F ^ ^ tsai^ jhiang liia^ ,Ivi ,to, i^he c oun try fotvU
are numerous, ^
;^ 1^ ^ ^ 'tseii lu^^in 'k^uN he walked till he teas tired,
i::;:^P3 S {^ ,san si^ 'itTrr^TTTZfee or four le,
(>N/JL ^^ W j^ |(t - sui^^hang * tih peh sing^, tlie people of
" the villaa^^ ^^"'^^^"^" ^.--'''^' —
W^ V^ Ay\^'^ ,hiaij gjiia(>iau .hai 't^x^tvillage children,
tt 'jt ^P jT j£ Jt chu^ tsaT^,1iiang hia^ ^chwan g sliang^,
Ae lives in a cottntry hcinilet,
^Wk^^}& che' .t^au^u* puh kin^, this road is not
near. ~ ' '' V^« - <t ' t '-^
M, ^4^ ^ 5T JiLI^g 'shiii 'Hen 'Yibm^ the position is very good.
l^'^ M. ^ kwgji^ 'c'hi ,fung .lai, it tegins'to bloiv,
-^ 'iR 1^ iS P^ib p^a^ lu^ 'yuen, he does not fear the distance.
^^ V^ 'tseu lu' kSvai^, he xmlks quicMy,
^-£ ^ ^ M'jhwa 't^sau 'yeu ,t^su, thefiawers arej^retty,
^"Vf W^ W^ ^ t5?:^^ ^^^^.^ Jl^ '^J^^i^. wan/, wander/or
pleasure in ha7nhoo groves. — .
'i^ WW^ W^^^if ninh 'yen ,fung .liang tih ti^ ,fang,
there is no cooljplace, ' ~- -i
LESSON 16. THE BODY.
^ H ,Shen 'i% the body, ^ HK^oh .t^eu, mahe apr^^r-
Br Br 'Yen jtsing, eyes, '^ Tai^, to carry. [frathm.
Bg Hiah, blind. 1^ .Hien, hold in the mouth.
^ ^ 'Chan 'sheu, cut off the^^ Chan^, stand.
^ ^ .T^eufah, hair, [hand.^ .P^au, fo run,
^ij T-i', sAave. ^ Wo^, hungry.
(^ ^ Tsui^ 'li, in the mouth.^^ T'ieiu^,jump, [bow,
"^ ^ Ta^ kioh, large feet. ^ ^ Kwei^ pai^, kneel and
fl^ J5^ Hiung .t^ang, the chest J^ ^ jSin .c^hang, heart.
^ J\a^'Sheu,sin,j9a/mq/'7iawc?.||^ j*^'^^?? ^^ ^^^ down.
^ Moh, fo totich. ^ ?Pl ;Shengping*, to be sick.
u
BR wl 8« T 'y^^ j+siJ^S l^i^l* 'li^iiy he ia blind.
^. J ^ ^ jSheng 'liau ta^ ping^, he has had severe illness.
w& iSt ^ Jl .p^au tsai' lu' shang^, running on the road.
Wf T "fife ft\f ^^'chan'lieiUyt^atih.t'eviythey cut off his head.
l^A ^ ^ chan^ 'c^hi .lai, stand up.
Hb 1^ ^ Jt jt'aiig tsai^ .c^hwang shang^, he is lying in led.
^ ^ -^ :^ tai^ tsai^ 'sheu li, carry iw jfAe fiaftd.
■^ ^ — ' "^ ^ 'shell moh yih moh k^an^, touch it with your
hand and see. [very long.
IS ^ -^ ^ ^ .t^eu fall pull 'hen .c'hang, his hair is not
W J^ 5© P ^ '^^^ '^ t^iau^ hia' .lai, you can jump down.
<^ ~F ^ ^ fifc kwei^ hia' .lai pai^ ^t^a, kneel down and how
to him.
-^ ^ IM SS P^^^ y^^^ ^^^' .t^eu, rfo not shave your head.
I# ^ 1^ Yt 1^ B ffi ;tsui li^ii shen^ 'mo ,tuiig ,si,
what is he holding in his mouth.
LESSON 17. CONVEKSATION.
^ JlaKwei^ sing^, your name?^ ,Tsun, honourable.
^ .Ming, proper name. H^ .Han^ cold ; mean ; my.
^ Hau', literary name. ^ C^hu^, a place. [name?
^ i|b Kwei^ tiS yowr Aome ? 0j JBc, ,Kau sing^, yowr /wgrA
'^ 7^ She^ hia', my cottage. ^ ^ Kwei^ jkeng, your age ?
-^ TjingS honoured; your. ^ Sui^, ycar^ of age. [er.
fl^ Pi% poor; mean; my. ^ M. Ling^ .t'ang, your moth^
^ ^ Ling^ .lang, your son. ^ ^ Tau ^kiuen, your tvife.
^ *^Lmg^ ngeLi^,yo7irdaugh'^ ^ jTsun^kia^ yoic.
' ' [children. [ness.
^ I f ,Kia jkiuen, ivt/e and'^ ^ Kwei^ jkan, your busi-
5f l\au, valuable. "^ |j^ Kwei^ yeh, your trade.
^ 1^1 eh, other. ji^ ^J ^T^si k^eh, at present.
i^L WeiS numeral for men. |j| ^ Hien^ ,kin, ditto.
^^W-i^ ,sien-,shengi,tsun sinff^ teacher, tahat is your
honourable name?
!ff Ify^iR ^wei^Jfu 'na % where is your honouroMe
home ?
^ ^ ^J f^ J^fe.'ki-.fih'i tau^ pi* ti', when did you come her^ ?
14
MMJ^M~^M kwei^ kwoh shV 'na yih kwoh, of what
hingdo7n m'e you? [3/ear?
'4^ ^ M(M ?kin .men kwei^ ,keng, koio old are you this
fSi ^ ?t M # ^!ni .lai shih 'mo kwei^^^ on what
affair have you come ?
^^^^M l^^g' -l^fig 'ki sui', hoio old is your son?
K ^ -^ -^ ^^a^'^kmelt) tsai^ puh tsai^, is your^jwife
with you or nolr
W^Vj^ pieh hgu^.ni, what is your literary namel
^^ S^^ ^m ^^li 'yeu pieh tih shwoh hwa^, I have
nothing more to say.
lit^J^i^t'ft^^'t'sik'eh.laitso' shih 'mo (s\%at
present ivhat have you come to do ?
LESSON 18. TAILOR.
WC ^ .T^sai .fung, a tailor, ^ 'Nieu, button. [tvork.
"WT jChen, needle. — ' Hi Yih ,kung, one day's
4^ .LaUj lasting; strong, ^ P 'Nieu'k^eu, buttonhole.
^ "^ Yang^ 'tsi; pattern. |g ^ .P^au Hsi, thick robe.
^ .Fung, a seam; to seiv. ^ iVj> Pei^ ,sin, waist coat.
'i^ 9)^ Ta' .ni, woollen cloth. ^ ^ 'Tsien ,tau, scissors.
^ ,Sha, gauze. [ments.|^ T^ang^, to iron.
ff^ KienS numeral for gar-^ ^ ,Si sien^, silk thread.
ill ^1* 'Ma kwa^, jacket. ^ |j^.Mien eien^ cotton thread.
^^ .0 ^hang ,shan, long^ ^ 'Ti ,chen, thimble ; need-
robe, leguard.
^ ^ 'Twan ,8han, short coat^^ -^ K^u^ 'tsi, trowsers.
f^ ^ Han^ ,shan, shirt.^ yj^ j^ .Hu ,cheu, crape.
yt/ ,^ien J first. ^ ^ Heu^ .lai, after.
^ — ' TT ]^ 'l^ ^ ^so^ yih kien' .c^hang pu^ ,shan, make a
long cotton robe. [side.
J^ -^ j^ ^ .fung tsai^ che^ .mien, place the seam on this
^ B^ li^ m "?* -^^ .ni .t^sai yang^ 'tsi, take the tvoollen
cloth and cut out the pattern.
ffl /^ )^ ^ &\f jung^ ,si sien^ .fung tih, sew it toith silk.
^m ^ -^ ^ .mien sien' puh .lau, cotton thread is not so
lasting.
15
"""m *^ ^1* yih kien^ 'ma kwa^, one jacket
llSf ^ ff^ ^ m ^ tso' liang kien' Jan .c'heu,shan, make
two blue silk gowns.
/t W W "F* jSJ®^ tsien' yang^ 'tsi, first cut out the pattern.
W-i^^ ^so^ 'liau /Hang ,kungj I have done two day's
^ ® ^ W[ jC^hwen 'c^hi .lai k^an^, 2^^^ *^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^- [ "^orK
jK^^J^Wi^ J ta^ .ni -.t^sai 'hau liau, the cloth is already cut.
' j^ 9& W "F" yi'^^ .t4au .ni k^u^ 'tsi*, a pair 0/ cloth trow-
sers.
Wl^Wis^ ^l^ 'nieu 'k^eu t^ai^ 'siau, the button hole is too small.
LESSON 19. SOCIETY.
JDl ^ .P'eng 'yon, friend. ^, i^ .Liang ,sin, conscience.
y^ jpf 'Lau sliih, honest. ^ g Tso^ ^kwan, he in office.
|fp ^ T'in hing', conduct, 'j^ '^% 'Tung teh, understand.
J^ J] jTwan jfang, upright. "^ -^ 'Lau 'i^i^ father.
i^fe V^ 'T^iau ,80, soio discord.jt^ .Niang, mother.
P& in 'Tsa .men, we, ^ ^ .T^sai .lai, /i^s^ come.
^ ^ P^eng^ kien^, to meet, -j^ ^ 'Chang pei^, superiors.
y^ ^ ,Hwang .t^ang, lies. ;|^ ^ 'Li man', politeness.
^ ^ ,Siang 'ii, mutually. . ^ |^ .Ming peh, clear ; Aj^iom;.
h 1S^ Shang^ tang^, /aZ? into^ ^ 'T^sing tso^, please sit
snares. down.
^ f^ Jen^ teh, to knoto. ^ j^ 'Tseu 'hau, stepcarefuU
"fg ]^ Sin^ sih, ?iei^5. Jj^ ^'YJQ.n^Q\^ ^inferiors. \ly.
-HT* ^> 'f^ ia 1® A^ pul^ jen^ teh che' ko' .jen, I do not know
this man.
>?^ ^ Jl S puh yau^ shang^ tang^, do not fall into a snare.
Tlfi Jl T S -^'^ shang^ 'liau tang', he is fallen into a snare.
gfg 4fe ^ ig ^ 't'sing tso' tsai^ che' 'li, please sit here,
\^ >^ I^ ^ '^1 shi' 'chang pei^, you are superior.
^ "ffl ::i^ Ife ^ T 'wo .men shi*' 'wan pei^ 'liau, we are
your inferiors.
W^^M^^^W^^^' ^^' -P'eng 'yeu puh 'lau shih,
that friend was not to he trusted.
^ ^ n^ is ,hwang .t'ang tih hwa', lying loords.
16
:^ "F* ^ M T '1'*^^ 'tsi .niang kwo' 'liau, Ms father and
mother are no more.
Pil 'ffl M ^ '*sa .men 'tung teh, tve understand,
W^O^^ Jiang ,sin puh 'hau, his conscience is at fault,
^fc ^ ^y 10 A 't%u ,so pieh ko^ .jen, he sotoed discord
among others,
^ 'W H ^ 'lien 'yen li man-, he has very much poUte^iess,
#» ^ fit 1^ l£ ,t^a yau^ tso^ ,kwan .ri; he tvishcs to he a
ma7idarin, [ has Just come.
"^ 1® M A ^ yl5 yih ko^ yung^ Jen .t^sai .lai, a servant
• LESSON 20. MESSAGES.
JriK P'ien^ 'chi, visiting^^ ^T'nugY^an', annoiince,
card.
^ ^Sniig'k'eh,escort guests.-^ |ff Kaii' su^, inform.
^ ^ .Na sin^, take a letter. ^ ^ Kioli ,fu, a runner,
^ 1g Tai^ sin', carrj^ a letter. ^j^ ;j^B ,T'iau 'tan, carr?/ loads.
IbJ i^ .RweiBin^rephjtoletter.^^ ,C'hai, se^ic? (a person).
^ |R.T4au'clii>?*>o/paper.-^ Ki', sewc? (letter or parcel).
S^ ^Tsien'. lai^comedirectlij.;^ i$'TsGusin%travelwithl€£^ .
^fc,T'iau, ^ocarry(withayoke).^ ^'Ta,t'ing,z72<72«ire. [ters.
^ .T'ai, to carry (of two per-^g ^ Sin' kuh, letter office,
sons). [7ie «5.
59 ^ Wen' ,ngan, a«/j hotv^ ]^ .Chi 'ma, ^fo ride.
1g i^Sin' x'hwen, ?e^^er Joa^.^Pl ^ ,Siang 'tsi, c7/c5^.
' ^ Yih ,pau, o?^e j^arceZ. /jf ^ 'Li wuh, irresents.
m Wi Sie' sie', thanks. j^ ,Eung, numeral of letters.
5^1 /r ^ •i'sung' p'ien' 'chi c'liti', take a card andpresentit,
^ ^ ^J )^ JL sung' k'eh tau' .c'hwen shang^', escort the
visitors to the boat. \^to your home.
'^ fe ^J ^ ^ ^ tai' sin' tau' ,kia li caiii', take a letter
^ "^ ^ ^ "^ 'tseu sin' tih .nac^hli', the postman took it.
IBI iS ^ ^ .hwei sin' puh yau', no ansioer is ivanted.
-P8 'fffij ^ 1^ i& 'ftfc wen' ,t'a ,ngan ,sie ,sie ,t'a, ask hoiv
he is and thank him.
sl ' 10 A jC'hai yih ko' jen, send a man.
^ ^ ^ S '*ta ,t'ing .ming peli. inquire f idly.
17
K fS> |§^ fe M\ "^^^^ 'ill tih fiin^ eili; ask netos respecting
you,
w" HF -fifc ^ ^ ^ kau^ su^ ,t^a tsieu^ yau' .lai, tell Mm
to come at once, [presents,
^ ^ ^ ^ liang ,pau 'li wuh, two parcels containing
^§ 23"^^^ 't^^i si*^ chih .c^ha 5Si|ing, carry fmir tea
chests,
"^ Jl& 5[^ "W ^J sill' .c^liwen muh 'yen tau^, the letter boat
has not arrived,
^ — ' JlM^ sung^ yih ^fung sin^, take one letter, [horseback,
^ ^ '^ '^ ^ -c'hi 'ma k^wai' k Vai^ 'tseu, go quickly on
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 'tseu tsin^ c'hti' jt^UHg pau', go in aiid an-
nounce it, [shoulders.
'I^fc ^ ® "i* jt^iau jtung ,si c^hii^, carry these things on your
LESSON 21. MEASUEES.
[piece,
jX jSheng, ^m^ measure* /E P^ih, 40 feet of cloth] a
TJC 'Mi, rice, ia^'^^^Z^^ column of characters,
^ 'Teu, ten sheng. "pj Kti', sentence, [hours.
pi ^ .Mien ,f en, flour, H^ "^ .Sh'i heu^, ttao English
^ Huh,/i;e teu. ^j K^eh, quarter of an hour,
/]^ ^'Siauineh(mai'), W^ea^.^ Yueh, a month,
^jKang, large earthewi water^^ J^ Cheng' yueli, 1st month,
>j^ 'T'ung, a cash, [vessel.^^ 'Man, full,
j^ pjC 'Yti^'sliui, rain tvater, -0 Pu', 5 feet (land measure).
>$y jK'ung, empty. ^X 'Meu. 240 square pu'.
^ Ung', large eaj^thermvater^ Kwo', to pass,
^ Keu', sufficient, [vessel,'^ Hia', to fall; let fall,
— ' 71 ^ >V.«^ P^ yih ?sheiig 'mi puh keu' c'hihj a pint of
rice is not enough for him to eat,
jS PK I® i^"^ % 'mai 'liang ko' 'shui jkang, buy two large
tvater vessels,
— ' "0 B$ 'tK yili k^' -shi* heu', one Chinese hour,
— ' ^ A^ Wi yi^ tii' pn^ shwoh, Ae cfic? no^ utter a sentence.
— * ^ ^ >f^ «Sf yih kii' hwa^ puh keu', one sentence is not
enough. . [four hours,
>& T ^ 1® H# "^ kwo' 'liau 'Hang ko' .slii heu^ after
18
^^ ^ 1S >^ prfi 'man yih ko^ yueh, not a/ull month.
P3 ^ >^ 1«9 si^ chih jk'urig ,siang,/o2^r empty trunks,
^ >iS P3 /r puh kwo'^si' ,kin, not more than four catties,
— W P3 "t" ^ ■"" K^ -iJi P<^li si*^ sluh pu^ yih 'meu, 240
square pii maAre o^ie meu. [piece.
K + >R — /E s'i' flliih c^hih yihp^h, /or^y /eei? make one
T VT ' /^ shili t'sun^ yih c^hi'h, ten inches one foot,
%" H^ 1^ sh'ih c'hih yih dhang^, ten feet one chancy.
-:^ rr. pw ^ ?k^ung ^san liang ^t^en, at leisure for two or
three days.
^ ' ^i V@ -na yih 't'ung 'tsieu, bri7ig a cask of loine,
IE >M ^ >f^ ^ cheog^ yueh 'li puh ,k'img, not at leisure
in the first month.
■>^ ^ ^ ^ 'sie 'liang l^ang^ tsr, lorite a few columns of
characters.
' ^j HI ;X yili k^eli jkung jfu, a quarter of an hour's work.
"7^ T ^^^ hia^ liau 'u puh 'shau, a good deal of rain
^ ^ 183 S tsai^ 'shui ,kang/li, in the water tubs. [fell.
V® ^Ij — )^3^ 0i 'man tau' yih c^h'ih ,to ,kau, filled to
more tJmn afoot high. '
LESSON 22. WORSHIP.
W Pai^ to worship. Jt ^ jihang^ ti^ God.
ff M. .Sheri tauS ffods (Tst.).3S ^Yiihti',godoftheTauisis.
fj ^ .Shen .ming, ditto. J^ ^Miau^'yu, T^uist temfkf.
"^ ^uh, Buddha; Buddhas. ^ ,T^sien, bamboo divining
rods.
^^ j'P^nAoh, Buddhist dei-^ $^.K'ieu ,t^sien, to divine.
ties (2nd class). jCl* 10 ,Sin .shen, soul.
^ '^ .Lo han^, do. (3rd class).5|c ^ .K^eu % pray for rain.
^^ Shi^ yuen', Buddhist"^ J^.l^'^x.^Yk^ri.godof riches.
monasteries. [priest. [ones (Tauist).
^ tW -Ho shang', Buddhist—^ ^ ,San ^t^sing, three pure
^ ^ jKung teh, T^ienY. jg] i Tau^ shi'S Tauist priest.
^ ^ jShau jhiang, 6wr;i iw-S ^jSan'pau, threeprecious
cense. . owes (Buddhist). [ers.
^ Wt yShau 'chi',&Mm^aper.i^^Nien%king.c/ta?i^2>my-
19
•^ ^ Fuh kiau^ Buddhist)^ Jt jT^ien shang^, to add,
religion,
U ]|j Mien^ .t^sien, before, ^ ^ ,Kwan ,ym, godde^ of
^ ji Peh sing', the people, ?5^ ^Fu' 'nti, women, [mercy,
iiftWifti^#^^ che' 'li peh'sisig' pAi^' Fuh tih
,to, the people here mostly tvorsMp Buddha.
^ S^ IS iBB >^ ^ -P^^^ ^^^ mien' ;l'sien jShau jhiang, hum
incense before Bu sah,
J^ ^ ^ "^ naiau' 'li 'li c'hu', to go into the temples,
y^ ^ *|^ ^ ||^ 'yen si' .t'sing .k'ieu jfaien, if anything has
happened inquire of the gods by divination.
^ Bt S$ iSl^ ^ P^^' .t'sai .sh€n tih ^to, tha^e who ivorship
the god of riches are many.
"^i^f^ ^ ^ ^ fnh kiau' 'yen jSan 'pan, the Buddhist re-
ligion has the Three precious ones.
^ ^ "W — *^ tau' kiau' 'yen ,san jt'sing, thh Tauist re-
ligion has the Three pure ones,
^ 'lil "W "i^ /^ 1® -^^ ^^^^ 'yeushihpahko'jfAerea?-eeiV'i-
teen Lohans.
-^^ 'Y '^ ^ ^\^ ^ 3^^^^ 'yeufihlhluhko' wai' kwoh
.jen, at first there were sixteen foreigners.
# i ^ ^ 1® ftl S A ^ ± heuMai 'yeu 'liang ko'
,chung kwoh .jen jt'ien shang', and afterwards two Chinese
were added,
5|«B t^S^ ^ ^£ ^ 1^ ^ .1^0 shang' chu' tsai' shi' yuen* %
Buddhist priests live in their moTiasteries,
il^ ?IR ^ ^ >\ jshau 'ch'i pal' 'si jen, burn paper to toor-
ship the dead, [not rain,
^ T^ M 6\f H^ "^ P^^ ^^^^ '^ *^^ -^^^ ^®^S t^^AcTi it does
^ )i^ Jl JH ^ M jl^wan ,fu shang' miau' .k'ieu '% the
mandarins visit the temples to pray for rain.
LESSON 23. MAN.
(^ ^ Juh ,shen, the body. h| ^ .Neng ken^, can.
^ ^ .Ling .hwen, the soul. ^ ^ Fuh hwoh^ live again.
^ ^ 'Yung 'yuen, eternal ^ ^ Fnh ,seng, live again.
20
!^ tt| ^ jSeng c^uh .lai,;^ |$ .Chang slieuS old age.
horn. [ott5.
^*^ .Wei shan^, to he virtu-H^ ^ jSeng ping^, to he sick,
[ij jj^ C^huh shi^, horn tnto^ >f^ ^ ,E puh .lai, incur-
tJi/> laorld. * >^ ^ Ten fen^ duties, [able.
^ >J> .T^sung 'siau, from d^ ^ Teh kieu^, be saved.
boy, [man.
"^ \^ 'Lau jen ,kia, okl^ ^ .Ye ^su, Jesus.
^ -^ ^jC'hapuhjto, aJo2^^;^ fpShuhtsui^,recfe€w/rom
nearly. sin. [Iieaven.
'ft 'W Sing^ ming', life. Jt 5^ Shang' ,t4ea, ascenc? ^o
• ^ Kiau^j to cause. [ /to?ies^»^ ^ 'Hwei 'kai, repent,
^ jf[, Chung heuS/ai^/t/?*Za7ic/^ '(g ,Siang sin^, believe.
"^ 'K'eng' loilling, ^ ^ 'Tsung yau^, yot* ?>m^s^.
1^ ^ ^ ^ ^ juh ,8hen 'tsung yau^ 'si, the body must die.
M ^ -^ ^ -^^^S .hwen puh 'si, the soul does not die.
m 5'J f\^ xSr hwoh tau^ 'yung 'yuen, live forever.
A tt| tt 6^ ^ ^ jen c'huh shi^ tih heu' .lai, men from
their entrance into the tvorld and after,
:^ >S 'W fp .t^siuen shi^ 'yeu tsui^, all have sin,
^ y ^ ^ TB^ 'si 'liau heu^ fuh hwoh, to rise again after
death.
Wf W w 1^ -^ e >^^^ s]m\i tsui^, Jesus redeems from sin.
f^^^W^^^^ tsui^ shi^ .Ye ,su shuh tih, sin is ran-
so7ned by Jesus.
-^ R ^ fe P^h 'k^eng ,siang sin^, not willing to believe.
5j yv JL ^ 'hRu.jenBheing^, t^ieii,goodmenascendtoheaven.
5PS W -^ ^ ping' ji pnh .lai, the disease cannot be cm^ed.
LESSON 24 TIME. *
^ ^.Mingjt'ien, fo-mo7*rot^.^ .C^hang, constant.
^ 5^Heu%t4en,c?a2/a/iferdo.3C Yeu^, another; again.
P^ ^ Tsoh jt^ien, yesterday. ^Ij 3jS Tau^kwo', having gone.
Jt ^ Shang^ cheu^, /orewooTi.^ "^ 'Ki hwei', Aot^ o/feii?
T^ ^ Hia' cheu^, afternoon. ^ ^ .Lai .nien, weo;^ year,
^ B^ 'Yeu .shi., sometimes, — ' ^ Yih t^si^, once.
— ' '^ Yih hwei', once, ^H -^^ . Ju ,kin, at present.
21
|i^ Keh, to separate; after. 1(1 ^J Tsih k'eh, at once, [?y.
^ 'Kai jih, awo^/ier rfay. ^ "^ .T^sung .t^sien,/or7n6r-
fl. Tsai'j again. "^ yV 'Ku .jen, ancient men,
|^^..Nan teh, seldoyn. %J ,C'hu,/or the first time.
IIj H .T'sien jih, rfay before^ ^ij ,Sien tau', /rsf come.
yesterday.
'ftfc llo "^ -^ >^ jt^a .t^sien jih 'tsi puh .lai, the day he-
fore ijesterday he did not come. [gone?
"i* T ^ W ^'^^' '1^^^^ 'J^i hwei^, how many times has he
# "^ ^ is 1® ^ M-t'sung .t^sien 'yeu che^ ko^ si' .t^Bing,
formerly there happened this circumstance.
lir /v 'W — ' ^ ^ '^^ -j^^ 'y®^ yih- ^^^^^ hwa', ^/ie awctewfs
have a sentence.
R^ 5v ^ T *s^^^ jt^en 'si 'liau, he died yesterday.
IJt^iJliife^ft^f 'tVi k'ch .c'heu twan' tsien' tih, at
present silks and satins are cheap.
^ ^ &^ 1^ w >^ -wei shan' tih .nan teh kien', the vir-
tuous are seldom to he met loith.
^7/ ^J ^ ^ IS # jC'hu tau' 'na 'li jen' teh, on first arri-
val hota could I Icnota him ?
^ ffl ^ ^ 'wo .men sien' tau', tve arrived first, [again.
P^ ^ ^3^5 T tsoh,t'ienyeu' .lai 'liau, yesterday he came
^ 'Pf \fy .c'hang tso' tih, he constantly does it.
Pj^ ' — ' ^ — ' ^ keh yih jih c'hti' yih hwei', go once
every other day.
LESSON 25. STRENGTH AND SKILL.
]|B[ ^ jT^sung .ming, intelli-'^ ^ 'Wu i', military arts.
He ^^.^Q^g^^^'jpoiver.[gent.^ ^ 'Sheu i', handicraft.
7j ^ .T^sai .neng, ability. ^ |9J 'Sheu twan', ditto.
'gHwei', caw (acquired power). :pt w -.^'^ ^S ingenious arts.
^ .Neng, caTi (natural power). J^ ^ .Ling .lung, clever.
p5* Aii 'K'o 'i, yow iway. ^ ^j^Kehwai', extraordiary.
^ I-^.Ling 'c'hiau, ingenious.^ ^ ,Hi .k'l, wonderful.
^ sBi ^^^ li^gj t»e/^cactoi^s.2|j $^ Ten shi' (si), ability.
M^\i\ ,T4ng puh c'huh,^ )j C'hi' lih, strength.
I do not hear.
22
I© ^ ^ jT'ing puh .lai, I^ ^ .Ngai pen^, stupid,
cannot hear, \see.^ 'Kwan, to manage,
^ ^ ^ K^an^ teh .lai, Ican^ M 'Jwan job, feeble,
^ -^ 1^ -^ ^'l^ '^^* '*^ j^^iDg puh .lai, I cannot hear (lit.
my ears cannot hear,
^ ^ 2|lC ^ "^ W ^^^ 'y^^ 'P^"^ si' tso' ,kwan, he has
not the ability to be a mundarin,
^ ^ HI ;^ ill 5^ che^ 'k'u nan' puh .neng kieu', this
misery cannot be relieved,
^ M ^ "ftfc ^ S *^^^^ *^^^ P^^' j^-'^ P^^ -^^^gj ^'^^ 9^^*^
if you worship them are inefficacious, \city,
^ ^ >^ ^ P^^ .neng tsin' .c'heng, you cannot enter the
>^ '^ ^ ^ puh hwei' 'sie tsi', he cannot write,
"ffii IPI R^ ^h 6^ M '''^ j^^^ -^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ *^^ -^^^S 'c'hian,
^^ey are eodraordinarily clever,
^ :fe "^ ^ >^ '^^ s^^^ 'sheu i' .jen, I am a handicrafts-
man,
* '»: 6^f A ft ^ 3*S ^ 3i fi^ X ^.ngai pen' tih .jen
tso^ puh .lai .ling .lung tih jkung ,fu, stupid persons can-
not do ingenious work.
Mi:fi^W^^^^^ ^"^^^ ^^ 'y^^ -^^^^ "^^^ 'y®^
Vu i', his strength is not great, and he has no military
accomplishments,
LESSON 26. MASON'S WOKK.
f Jl ,Chwen, bricks, [ bricks,^ TM ^^ '*ing> '^^i^ of house.
^ lUI jFang jChwen^ square ^ ^ Uh ^\, foundation,
^ 'Wa, burnt-tilers, j^ .T'iau, numeral of length.
^ .Ni, ear^A ; morter, [son,')^ ^.Hung .liang, cross bms,
l^ K E .Ni'watsiang',77ia-5 Pl Shih ,hwei, lime.
^ \% Shih tsoh, ston^-mason,^^ JJ .Ni ,tau, trowel,
S J^ jSan .t'seng, three sto-"^ Liang', to measure, [short.
^ .K'iau, bridge. [ries,-^ ^5 .Chang Hwan, long;
^ .Hwan, arch. {arch,*^ ^ ,K'wan tseh, broad;
j{^ ^ .P^ai .leu, memoriaf^^ .Shen, rfeep. [narrow.
^ JS 'C'hi uh, to build a^ ^ ,Shang liang', to con-
hoiise, sider about.
23
IE S « -W j^ 3|J ,chweu 'wa muh 'yeu 'mai .lai, the bricks
and tiles are not yet bought and brought home,
•4 "^ 1© X^ K IS ^ kiau^ yih ko^ .ni Va tsiang^ .lai,
call a mason. [building a house.
iW !M ^ ^ ;§ ,shang liang^ kai^ .fang uh, confer about
^ ^ m ^ ^ yau^ kai^ .ri .t^seng .leu, / want to build
two stories above the ground floor. [three arches.
3l "f" ^ ^ ^ Vu shih jSan .hwan .c^hiati, bridge of fifty
^S j^ iM ^ ^ d^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ '^^S y^^g^ )^^ 'fihau 'wa, in
■ covering in the roof how many tiles shall you use ?
^®^l5:l^llicA^ P'ai .leu ,to ,tu shi' king'
chung' 'nii .jen tih, there are a great many memorial arches
which are all in honour of women.
M^^ ^^ -^^ liang' liang^ k'an^ ,to 'shau .c'hang
'twan, measure it to see how long it is.
•^ l^ 7/ ^ m -5 i^'C -^a -^^ y^^ 3*^ 'P^^ ^^^ jhwei, take
the trowel and put on more lime.
^^^ — '^^ -hung .liang .c'hang yih chang^ pan^,
the cross beams fifteen feet long.
%^V^--K% ,k^wan tseh ('chai) 'ma yih c^hih
jk^wan, as to width let them be afoot wide.
LESSON 27. STUDY.
^ § T^'i jShUj to study. Jj ^,Fang \j^i^ ,,squareUtterB.
2pC. Ten, numeral of books. p!^ W Si*^ jshu, Four books.
Ms ^ Pih meh, pens and ink. ^S^ ^5'Wu,king,jPii;ec?amc5.
y^ ie .Wen meh, style. ^ ^Hiau^ jking, Bookoffili^
]^ ^ jT^sing 'shwang, cha;r. al piety, [character classic.
X ^ .Wen % book style. H ^ ^Santsi^ ,king, Three
3v ^ .Wen ,chang, essays. yj> g^ 'Siau shwoh, novels.
f^ ^ Fah tah, rise in life. ^ ^ 'Ki kiuen', how m^ny i
[gent, chapters? [book.
M M Yung* ,kung, be dUi- j^ ^ ,K^ai kiuen^, open a j
t^ f^ 'Lan tu^, lazy. ^ ^ ,To k^an^, read much. I
m M ,T'eu .hien, waste time.^ ^ Yih c'hu^, benefit. )
^ 1^ 'Kiai shwoh, explana-^ ^ Kiau^ ,shu, teach. jj
flow. 1
24
It "^Ghu^'kini^ commentary. J^ ^ .Hien ,shu, liyht books.
^ ^ yiu^ 'kin, important JSi 'Ye, a?50. ' [ma^i.
^ :&^^ ^/PS^ ®^^' *^^ '^^^ 'J®^' ^^ ^'* ^^^ ^ ^/to^ary
M ^ W A^ M{^y™g' jk^ng 't'o 'i fah tah; z/ yoi* are
diligent you will rise in life.
^^S^fe'^^Ji.shuai tih hwa^ klau^ .wen %
phrases used in books are called wen li.
^ ^ ^ ^ jshu yau^ ,10 k^an^, books must be mzich read,
>^y^^^W *sai^ 'lau ,kia kiau^ ,shu, he keeps a school
at his own home.
-^ ^ % ^ ^ ^ ^ P^^^ y^^ ^'^^^ ^'^^^ 'y^^ yih c^iu^,
if you do not read much, it will be of no use.
;^^ P9 § jSien tuh si^ ,^\iVi, first study the Four books.
^ >l^ ^ i ® heu' .lai k^an' 'wu ,king, and afterwards
read th'i Five classics.
^ ^ /]> iSl ^ jtf ^ .liien ,8hu 'siau shwoh puh 'hau
k'an^7igr/i^ literature and novels are not good to read.
WC ^J^^(^^ "?* kiau^ 'siau .hai tsi^, m teadiing boys.
^ ^ ffl 1^ ^ jsien yau' yung^ ^fang tsi'^ you must first
use charactei:^jwritten on squares of red paper.
jg ;^ ^ ^^jfc^^' 'P^^ 5*^^^ '^^ kiuen^j how many chap-
ters does this book contain? [essays.
^ W)"^ ^ ;^puh hwei^ tso^ .wen jChang, he cannot write
an important book.
LESSON 28. ANCESTORS.
^ .Ye, /a<7ier. ^ '^ Tsang^ .mai, 6t^?-y.
M :$C 'Tsu fu', grand-father. A dtJuli't'u,e?i^erf7^e^')'ow.7(^.
^ ;Tfi jTseng 'tsu, great clitto.]£ gg .Wang ki^, forget.
^ Jl Tsai^ sliang^, farther^ |^ .C^hien .c^heng, rever-
back. \4d;h degree, ential. [o/.
^ M ?Kau Hsu, ancestor of^^ J^ Chau^ yi^igS ^«^^ care
^^ ;z|S ,Ken 'pen, root. ^ 'San, si^eep.
'^ "7^ .C^hiien hia^, deliver jlfpj ^ Si*^ .t'ang, ancestral
doivn. temple.
^ -y* Hiau' 'isx, filial son. ^ ^ .Ming tsi*^, wawie.
25
|g ^ ,Kwan kwoh, coffin ^ case,^ S Tsai* ,i% use again.
^ i^Tso* .fen, make a gravef^ ^ 'Tsu ,tsung, ancestors,
^ % 'Tsi ,sun, posterity, ^ Tsi^ to sacrifice,
jifi ^ ^ 1^ 4^ '*su jtsung shr jken 'pen, ancestors are the
root from lohicli men come.
A t^ ^ ffi ^ ft T^ ^.jen.t^siuen6hiL''tsu,tsung.c^ueii
hia' .lai, men all spririgfrom the stock of their ancesters,
^ |£ ^ ^J H ^ tsi' Hsi* 'tsung tau' ,8an tai^ sacrifice
to ancestors to the third generation.
ic#m^^^^iL^6^ ^fu-mu,'tsufuS,tseng
fuS jkau 'tsu, tsi' tih ^to,- parents, grand-father, great
grand-father, and great great grandfather are sacrificed
to by many,
'^j^i^ ^piih tso' ,kwankwoh. he did not provide a coffin,
1(^^^^ puh shi' hiau' Hsi, he is not a filial son,
JL ^ 6^ ^ ^shang^ ,pei tih .ming i^i'jthe names of elders
{in the ancestorial line),' [ployed,
>¥^ pT Ait W Mp^^ '^^^ '^ *®*^' -^^^J should not be again em-
j^^^Wi ^si^g^ '1^ tih .SI .t'ang, ancestral temple of the
Li family, [of fioivers,
^ — ' m 6^ ^ ^'^^ y* y^^S' tih ,hwa 't^sau, which sort
,sheng c'huh .lai, is not produced from a root?
LESSON 29. SEPwVANTS.
i^ % ,Siang ,pang, assist, M ^Tung' c^hiS to be angry.
fi ^Shr hwanS employ men.^ *^,Tan wu^ i^ry by delay.
\^ ^ C'hih 'pau, eatmough,A^ ^ -?* 'Siau ,wa 'tsi, gr/rZ.
1^ M Ngo' '81, s^ari;e. ^ # Puh teh, mws« wo^.
)j^ ^Tung^ 'si,freeze to death.^ P^ien^ to cheat.
^ ^ ,Kia ,chu, master ofM ^ ^^ung ,kia, master.
family.
>flfr ^G Tso^ fans ^o cooik. ^ ^ ?i ,K'ai ,siau, expend.
_.T^sai^ fan^ i;e^e^a6Zes% ^ ^,K'an .fang 'tsi, ^a/^
and rice. ^ [cal care of a house.
'Sheng kienS economi-)\^^ ,Sheu sheh, gather up,
,Kan taingS clean. /h |^ 'Siau ,si, waiti7ig boy.
:26
.T^si 'cheng, or Jer?y. ^ i(j^. Lieu j^lujapply the mind.
fQ .Wan, finished, ^^ iSChau^ yingS ^aie care of.
^ ® 135 ^ ^fl )^,tuiig jsi ,tu yau^ ,kantsing', everything
must be clean.
W^^ A^d^—^^ shr hwan^ tih .jen puh 'shau
yih peh, the number of servants employed is not less than
a hundred, [is not yet done.
^ :^ «. "W "^ ^ jk^ng fu'- muh 'yeu tso* .wan, the work
^ i® ^J"^ ^ ^ M "7* 'liang ko^ 'siau ,8i ,k^an .fang 'tsi*,
two waiting boys kept the house.
^ i ^ ^Cl^ ,kia 'chu 'kau ,sin, the master is well disposed.
M iS fl?> i® iffi» IPI ckau^ ying^ chau' ying^ ,t^a .men, he
Aakes care ofthem^ [them to be frozen.
^Wti^W^^ P^^ kiau^ ,t'a tung^ 'si, he will not allow
ifc >f^ ^ ife ^ ^ 'y© puh kiau^ ,t'a ngo^ 'si, nor to be
starved, - [me.
i^^^^^'ni puh teh p4en^ 'wo, you must not cheat
^ ® >lS 'U ^li) jtung ,8i puh .lieu ,sin, you do not take
care of things,
>?^ ^ B$ ^ Jl '^ puh tsai' .shi* heu^ shang^ tso', you do
not do things at the proper time, [master.
fit ^ y ^ ^ ,tan wu^ 'liau ,tung ,kia, you injure your
J||l^^^'tsungyau^t'sicheng^, {they) must be put in
order.
LESSON 30. TRADE.
^ ^ Swan^ .p^an, abacus, 1^ 3it .P'ien .i, cAeap. [house.
T^ ^ ^T'sing 'c^hu, distinct, ^ ^ .C'ha chan^, tea ware-
tjSi ^ Si' swanS carefully reckn^^ Kwei^, counter, [man.
^ I^Swan^ change, ca?cM?a^e.^|§gy, Tang kwei' tih, shop-
PI jjfi ,K'ai tien^, open a shop, "^ 2|C Shfli 'pen, lose capital.
^ ^ 'Ho ki*, assistant, V/J 3fe ,T'au jkwang, beg fa-
[(& weights, vour. [Shanghae sycee.
-^ ^ 'Ten,, c^heng^, measures yfj /V ^ 'Kieu pah .yin,
^ ^ 'Pen .t^sien, capital, fj§ ^ 'Ma .t^eu, port; Jetty.
^J ^ Li* .t'sien, interest j^ |§ 'Hai ,kwan, custom-
house, [torn.
^ ^ jKung .p'ing,yw5^, ^ ^ .Wan shui^, pay cus-
27
^ ^ Puh tui^, not agree, ^ § Su^ muli, numbers,
1^ @ >f^ ^ sift^ muh pull tui^, f/^e members does not agree.
# ^ /T ^ ^^j" c'heng^ tih ,kin liang puh tui^, tlie
weight in catties and ounces does not agree,
^ ^ ^ ^swan^ teh puh ,t^sing, it is not clearly calculated,
1^ J^ ^^^T^'JK. jt^^i ^^^^' jSheng i^ puh ta^, lohen he
opened shop, his trade ivas small,
^ tS ^ i^ B^ 3fe ?tang kwei^' tih shwoh ,t^au ,kwang, the
"Shopman said, may I beg custom.
jg ^ H ^ A ;/L ^ .hwan ,t^a rV wan^ pah 'kieu .yin,
pay him twenty thousand Shanghae taels,
^ ^ 2J5C ^ muh 'yeu 'pen .t^sieiij he has no capital,
^ ^ ^ ;^ ^ .c^heng 'li .c^ha chan^ ,to, the tea ware-
houses in the city are numerous, \Jionest,
^ wt '^ ^ fit '^^ ki^ puh 'lau shih, the assistants are dis-
LESSON 31. WAR.
\der.
J^ "I" jPing ,ting, soldier,')^ ^ 'T^siang toh, rob & plun-
^ -0^ jKwan ,ping, ditto. ^ ^.'Fn.&Max^ floating bridge.
^ ^ Teh sheng^, conquer.^ ^ ,Ngan .min, pacify people,
^ ^ .Ying 'liau, tvon. -K ^ftf-T^eu .ho, leaj^into a river.
^ ,Shu, defeated, fe ^ .T^eu 'tsing, Zeap m^o a
^ "j^ 'Ta change, to fight, ^ J^ 'Si'^shi, corpses- [todl.
^ "f^t Pai' changS defeat, |^ ffi. Tui^ Svu, rank andfile,
@ @i .Weik'wen^, besiege.i^ ^jKwei'kii, orderly conduct.
^ J^ 'LiDg,ping, leadsol-'i^ ^ .Mai fuh, amjbusb,
diers.
^ ^ Fang^ 'ho, set onfire,^ J5 K^an^ jkeng, ieep watch.
^ ^ 'Lu .jen, setae wei^. P ^ 'K*eu hau^, watchword.
^ ^ ,La jen, rfragr" at^;a2/^ ^ P^au^ .t^ai, battery.
^ jSheu, fo ieep. [men.'j^ ^ Fang^ p^au^/re cannon.
^ -fe ^ ^ ,kwan jping -jsheu .c'heng, mandarin soldiers
keep the city,
fyy — "iS -li^ iS^'ta 'liau yihko^ pai^ chang^, they fought
an unsuccessful battle,
^ '^ ^ H!^ puh hwei^ teh shengS they cannot conquer.
28
MM^Wkli .t^sien 'liang ,t^ien .ying liau, two days
since they gained a victory. ^ [not strong.
'^^^MM .c'heng .t^eu puh ^kienku^ the city wall is
^ A fe T |fS[ .nan .jen .t^eu liau .ho, the men leaped in-
to the rivers, [themselves into the weUs.
:^ A -^ T ^ '^^ j^n '^'^^ 'iiau 'tsing, the women threw
"^^^M.^ tso^ .fu .c'Mau kwo' c'liti^, they made a
floating bridge to pass by. [as captives.
^ >^ A i- ^^ yau^ 'lu .jen c'hti^ tih, they ca^ry away men
^ Tt^ 1^ ft puh jSheu tui^ 'wu, they do not keep rank.
^ T ^ H ::^ '^^^S 'liau ,8an wan^ ,ping, he marched at
the head of thirty thousand soldiers.
^ wlf^ ^ ^puh 'hil 't^siang ioh.robbery is/o7'bidden. [night.
'4^ ^ &^ P ^ jkin ye' tih'k'enh.SLU%thepasS'ivord/ortO'
LESSON 32. SUEGERY.
^ ^Mmg,sheng,reputation.^^ "% She^ ,shang, wound.
^ ^ Ming, i, famed surgeon.^ ^ 'Nu tsien', cross-bow
[ly, arrow., [vegetable.)
^^^Uwuh.jan, unexpected- J^ ^ ,WvL .t^eu, {name of a
PI ^ .Han .c'liau, Han dynasty.-i^ ^, Tuh yoh, poison.
^ |i!^ .Hwa to^ (a noted sur-^s^ ^ .Ta^ .p^en, large bason.
^ Pi^, arm. [geon.)^ J^ Tsieh hiudh, receive blood.
^ ^Chang' .fang, tent, [arm.j^ ^ P^a^ t^ung^, fear pain.
-j^ ^,Shen]pi', stretch out theW^l M Koh ^k^ai, cut open.
^ jT^eng, pain. [der.^ |^ .P'i juh, skin and flesh.
^ '^.T'diahio.^baretheshoul- — l|[ Yih chih, straight.
m w Hiueh 'kwan, blood-vessel.vffy T4eh^Jo stick.
11;^-^- ,Kwan ,fu 'M, (the^ ^ ,Kau yoh, plaister.
god of war, Kwan yiin chang.)
M^^M^^ l^an^ .c^hau 'yen ,kwan ,fu 'tsi, in the
Han dynasty there was Kioanfu isi, the god of war.
MiR # Hit H 7 Pei' na^ .nu tsien^ she%8hang'liau;
he was wounded by a cross-bow arrow.
M^—^MA^^M liwuh .jan yih ko^ jen .lai kau'
su^, at an unexpected mordent j there came a mjan to say. —
29
^ W Hl^ H ^ T -^ng ji -hwa to^ .t^sai .lai ai^u,
^/le celebrated burgeon Hiva-to had just arrived.
^ #» ^ ^ ^ ^ 't'sing jt^a tsin^ c'hang' .feng .lai, he
toaa invited to enter the tent.
"MM^ MM^ jshang 'li 'yeu ,wu .t^eu yoh, in the
loound there mq>s a vegetable poison called Wu t^eu.
— ^ i£ ^J # SR ^15 ^ y* chih tau' kuh .t^eu na^ %
straigfit into the bone.
^ ^ ■?* ^ puh slii' 'tsau ^i, if not cured early.
^ 1® W i^ 'W M c^^' ^^^ pi^ ^^^ 'y^^ -y^^g? ^'*^ <*^'wi
would be of no use.
^ ^k^yi 'sheu 'li .Tia ^tau, in his hand he held a hnife.
"A^lEWJlST^Ata^ .p^en .tsai pi^ ti^ hia^ tsieh
hiueh, a large bason under the arm to catch blood.
§§7^-5^ 'j^ ^ kwan jfu 'tsi ,8hen 'sheu, the god of ivar
held out his arm. {clothing.
^fl r 55c >IK 't^an hia^ ,1 fuh, and bared his shoulder of
^ ^ Sfe #1 P kiau^ .Hwa to^ koh ,k^ai, for Htoa-to to
cut it open.
— ' ^ ^ t6 ^ yiJ^ 'tion piih p^V t'eng', he did not in the
least fear pain.
^77l«J*i*l(±15!j^##'pa ,ta« hiang' kuh .t'eu
shang' kwah c^hli' tiili c^ii', he took the knife and ap-
proaehing ilie bone scratched atoay the poison.
# ^ i^ ill iil fe ^ heu^ .lai .p4 juh, .fung 'c^hi .Ui,
afterwards the skin and flesh loere seton up. [much.
|§ ;^ -y* ^ 5^ ^vwan jfu 'tsi ta^ siau^, Kxoanfu tsi laughed
WiWiWi^h shwoli shwoh .hien hwa', and talked on ordi-
nary subjects.
LESSON 33. THE WELL.
J^ Tso'j numeral of wells, houses, clocks, hills, graves, &c.
yr j^Tsing ,pien, side ofivell.j^ J^ ,6iang .lien, connected.
^ '^'T^mg'^l[iM\,wellioater.^^ |kI ,T4enjeh, ^o^treafAer.
^ ^ ,T'ien 'tsing, square]^ Jl Wan' ghang', at even-
court, ing,
^ ^Kung' 'tsing, savie well.^ ^ Kitifeh ,k'ai, dig open.
30
^ -^ .Hien 'shui, saUivater.^ ^ [Siau' 't^ung, hanging
[^village, bucket. [rope,
1^^ .T'ung ,liiaiig, same^^ .Ma .sheng, hempen.
qg -^ Tseh 'tsi, homestead. *^ ]^ ,Shen 't^sien, dee^^,
shallow. [ter,
^ -^ .Lin sheS neighbours, ^fc pjfC ,T'iau 'shui, carry t(;a-
EB :Hb.T'ientiSjCt^Z^iVa^e.cZZa»cZ.^ p!|C'Ta'shui,^aA:ewp wa^er.
i^ ;;![C Tiau' 'shui, raise tvater.^ ;;!fC,C^he '8hui,^z^7J«p tf;a^6r.
^ ^ 10E ^ ^ .p'ing fang^ tsai' 'tsing 'li, place the bottle
in the welL
l^f ^ x^ :^ 6^ A .t'ung ,hiang kung^ 'tsing tih jeij, men
of the same village and a common tvell,
J^ Jt ^ -^ :^ ^ wari^ shaug^ tso' tsai^ 'tsing ,pien, at
night they sat by the tvelL
^ P!K 'W S Wt 'tsing 'sliui 'yeu ,sie .hien, the tvater in the
well is a little salt. [bucket.
^ >j|| ^ ^ -^ tiau^ 't^ung fang^ hia^ c^hii', let down the
^ pfJC ^ ^ 'ta 'shui tih .jen, the water bearer.
•j^fe ^ |bI ^ jt^au 'shui .hwei c^hii^j carry the water back.
^ ^& ?!K ^^ J^^ '^'^^ 'shui .lai, take i^p tvater.
^ ^ "^ .nieu jC'he 'shui, the bullock pumped tvater.
^ fS ^ ^ 'tsing kiueh jk^ai .lai, the well ivas dug.
MBMm^^ ^ yung' ,ma .sheng tiau' 'c'hi 't'ung'
.lai, d7'aiv up ivater ivith a rope.
^^^ JL^^^ 'tsing tih shang^ ,pien 'yen ,c%e, above
the well is a rnachine.
LESSON 34. DINNER.
[thern dialect.
5E -Rij terminal particle placed after most nouns in the nor-
i^ fRPien^ fanS ordinary meal.^ B^ Tsai'' hoh, drink again,
^ ^ Puh kwo^, OTiZy (initial).^ |^ Tsi^ fan^ grant me rice.
^ y Pa^ liau, only (final). M -C'tu .fang, kitcheny
^ .T4ng, wait. . ' M^ '^^ '^'^^^' ^^'^^ *^'^^'*'
— '-^ Yihhwei%aZMe;o7ice.|^ ^ Yen' ,wo, birds' nest.
m I^TaifanS spread; cZwMier.j^ ,T^'ien, add; give more.
Jl ^ Shang' t'sai^ j!^2t^ ^Ae^^ "f Tau 'liau, satisfied,
dishes on the table. #j '!^ 'Tan .c'ha, pour out tea.
33
LESSON 36. BUYING LAND.
jg^ ^ Ti^ 'chu, owner of land.i^ iSl ,Siang kin*^, near,
-^ ^ Pu^ jkung, measure of 5^ ^ Kieh shih,/rm.
^ ^I'^'K'ungp^a', lest [feet — ' wX Yih 'men, one men.
^ JljKiaishangSo^z^/ies^ree^.KtX ^'Meisi pan^, meu & a half,
^iP ^jSA^^^'^yinthecouyitry,^ TjSv .Wen yoh, deed of sale,
^ ^ .Lin she^, neighbours, Pfl y^,Chung.jen, w^(i(i?e7?^a7l.
"-p i1^ Shih tiau^, ^e?i strings, i^ ^ .Ming .ri, name,
"A ^ Ta* .t^sien, large cash, -f^ ^ Tai^ pih, a writer,
^ KieuS old, ft |^ 'Ta ,t^ing, to inquire,
1^ P'o^ broken. ^ ^ 'Chan .siun, ^o seek.
^ ^ ^ ;^ Vo yau^ 'mai ti^, 7 wish to buy land,
^ "A '^ Jt ^sai' ta'jkiai shang^, in the great street,
^ ^ ^ ^ 1^ 'ni t4^ 'wo /ta ,t4ng, inquire for we^
^vi^ ^ T — ' ^ 'wo A*chau(Csitm ^ 'liau yih k^wei^, I have \
found a piece, ~^ \
Z^ ^ ^ "^ in tsai' ta^ jkiai .nan mien^, on the south side \
of the greaL street. __ . ■^^o*
^ — ' 1® -4* )¥ A^ 'chau yih koKchung-heu^ .jen^/wdt me
an honest man, j ' j-;:; -
Ir ftfc "^ f^ ^ Hosing jt'sL tsQ^Jai^pilw invite him to be the
writer,
i^M^^AM'^^^ tai'-pih-tih-rjen 'sie tih,.wen yoh^
the writer ivill write the deed of sale, ^ *^
i5> "^ 4* A- FT lii '^^ ^^^^ jchung .jen 'k^o 'i, you can he
the middle man,
1^ i^ ^ fi liang hia^ shwoh shwoh .ming peh, speak
dearlfmri)Qih^8ides,
M Mfc 6^ i A ^'^' til. tih 'chu .jen, the jyroprietor who
sells the land, l^^^-
-W ^ ^ "W ^'y®^ .t'sien muh 'yen .+/sien, has he money or
y^^^ ^ 'yen kieu' .fang 'tsi, there is an old house,
^ ^ :Hb -i -liwan tsai' ti^ shang^ still on the ground.
ill® jSI^^ T che'ko' Hsung yau^ t^e h 'liau, this
must be pulled down, " [land.
Jib ^ O BjX #• ti^ 'yeu s^ 'meu panS tMre are 44 mow of
34
— + ^ ^ — WX ri- 8lirh 'liang .yiu 'tsi yih 'mm
tioeutij taels a motOy. -. '
^ "t ~ ^ J^b |E<^)^ .liwan 'yeu yili k'wei' ti' tsai-'
,hiang 'W^here is a piece of land in the country
m^A^n^ ^mshe^.'jen^kia 'haii tih, the ueic,h-
hours are good. ' ' "
ilt^^SS'^i^"' ta'_,_t^sie„^c,. strtuffs of large cash.
m \^ ^M. M m 'Pa^7kmg)liung' Hang' k'an', mca-
sWelfioitk the rod. - - -^
— W i + # — gX iT- peh '\vu sliih pii' yih 'men, 250
JVS"^'"''"-^ [«^*o called a knag.
or n — S~^ "^ yiliim-yekiau' yih ,kung, a pu is
S S \(Si il" -^^&'^' V^', five feet make one pu.
ia m ^r'^ W^^che' 'mo 'siau 'k'ung^/a'puhkeu',
this is small; and I fear it toill not he enough. ""
,. ._^ LESSOX 37. TIGERS.
(|| ;^\.au 'hu, tiger. Jf. ^ Puh 'li, not to carefo,'^-
^Hu, to promise. ^ mT'sai'.ynon,veg.garden.
M Jhang, raoard. [thers.W^ .Hien, to take in the mouth ■
^^'HupauS%er«a«c?^aM-'^^ T'eu' t'sih, to steal.
^ m Pai' sheh, to set out. [X| ,Hiung, violent.
m ^ -Hien ,k'eng, a pitfall..^ ^ Hai' c'hu', inj7iries.
M #Ti^niii.««£ri«5' arrpta.^ g^'Ye sheu^, wild animals,
^^in, to catch. ,1i^ UGhvti!^,bamboo grove.
Wi^ykm^:^ jphen ,ijoaa 'lau 'hu ,to, at the citrj of Cherf'-
rran ti'jcs are numervas.
-.-T-"^M- Wi^Iiai'.c^heng'li peh «ing'. thriJUnnre the
jiiople tn the city.
i J A il ^^ ^ 1^ 'yeti jen .neiig .shall lau hu tih
;/,<vv (//-.^^-v^,,,,' toho can kill tigers.
S 5 I 1 S i'i" '^'^'^ '*'^ •^^"' IP'-o^^'i^^d them.
^ m.m.JL-r=r sliah yih 'hu 'shaug 'wu .shih ,t'sieD,
^fthey killed a tiger they should receive fifty thousand
reward, * r / ^
'ftl^^A^ilg'chu' tih jen (inujlj,> ^Ae inhabitants
^ H^l^ ^ '/Ifc puh .neng (^1 U ,t-a, tJie?/ could not
ffl UJ ¥^f|^ lffiiPing%slian ,yanM^^^
^oai^.9 to entice them.
^ ^^^ 'laii^u pull 'li, the tigers took 7io iiojdce.
M M^W "^^^^^^^S ^^h lieu"^ mien- 'yeii^sai^yuen,
behind the houses are vegetable gardens.
^M'-^ A^MM4^ y^' 'li 'yen jeii ^tseii tiiiv .yuen
jChung, if at riight a man ivalks into the garden.
^ ^ B ^(^7 % * 'lau 'hti 'i ,king(^ 'liau ,t'a
k^ii', a tigerTias^^7*eady taken him aioay mfus mout h, ^v ^ '•
^ ^ 1^ % ^^^M & ^ ye' 'li muh 'yeu^^t^sih [ ,^^
, ,tung ,si tih7 Mmght there is no one to steal.
^^^^Wi^ V'^' 'lau 'Im puh 'kan .lai, fearing
tigers they dare not come.
LESSON 38. ELEPHANTS.
^ ^'YeHising^,tvildele2')hant.j^ ^ Fang^ p^au',/re guns.
Q ^ Peh siang', ivhite do. ^ Wo', hungry; to starve.
^ -^ Fah 'tsi, onethod. §b^ 5^ 'Tien .t-'eu, to nod the
^ ^ ^^^i^^ y^'^^ serv/ce. Jiead.
Kiueh, to dig. ^ .Sie^ inclined] crooked.
,P'u sih, spread mats. ^ C'lidhj to push atoay. ' '
jj Kai' 'hau, cover over, ^ ^^ChungjSheiijWio^e life.
iT Wk 'Ta .lo, ftea^ yonj's. ^ .T^o, carry on back,
^ jKan, drive. ||^ ^ Fuh si', to serve.
tf gJ/Ta 'kn, ftea^ cZr^^m^. -g^ Wei^ to feed.
15 ]^ ^ ^ ^ ,si .nan 'yen ye' siang', in the south ivest
there are toild elephants.
^ % A M ^ "? 'pen ^i' jen yung' fah 'tsi, the natives
use methods.
P^ fi Ifl ft 1^ ^ &^ 'yeu ,t'a .men tso' kung' yili tih, to
tempt them to become serviceable.
M^^^M^^y^ kiufeli ti' ,k'eng ,p'u sih 'tsi
kai' 'hau, they dig a pit and cover it well with mats. '
36
■II* J!W Xfe dh i9E Jt tsai' ,lda .ni 't'u tsai^ shang^, tliey also
place earth upon the mats,
$f j^ ^ :Nfe -fe {Ifxf 'hau siang^ .p'ing ti' sV tih, so that U
is like the level ground,
^ i^ & 10 /V '^^^^ 'ki peh ko' jen, several hundred men,
# ^ tr U ;^ *|b 'ta .lo 'ta 'ku fang^ p^auS heat gongs
and drums, and fire guns,
&I^;$aI^P§#iT^ M^ siang^ 'tseu kwo^ .hien ,t'a
hia^ c^hti^, they drive the elephant past and they fall in.
^ ^, S J^ '^ jshen 't4 chung^ ,k^eng ,shen, he is heavy
in body J and the pit is deep,
^ H^ |i| ^ p^ih .neng c'huh .lai, he cannot come out,
Wt^t^^^ tsieu^ wo' ,t'a 'ki jt^ien, they then keep him
without food for several days,
•^ ^ P9 'ftfc ^^^' •lO'i ^^^^ j^^^j afterwards they ask him.
^W^^'^^'^ tso' kung^ yuh 'k'eng puh 'k*eng, ifke
is loilling or not to do service.
W^ 1^ T SS fiiang' jtieu 'liau .t'eu, the elephant nods his
head.
*tb J^ M tu ^ -^ i *i' jk'^^g ™^^' -^'sien c'heh c^liii'
't'u, in front of the pit they remove the earth.
Wi — ' ^^ ^ ^ j^^^^ y^ .t'iau .sie lu', open an inclined
path,
^ ^ y^ ^ Jt J^il^ siang' 'hau 'tseu sliang^, so that the ele-
phant can walk out,
— ' Hfi T ^ y^ '^^^^ '^^^^ .t^eu, if he once nods his head,
^ '^ ^ W^^ \ jchung ,shen yau' fuh si' jen, he will
serve man all his life.
^^^ ^ chi' 'si* puh pien', till death never changing,
j^ 1w ^ i^ ff s^^S^ .t'sing tsui' sin' shih, his disposition
is very faithful. [carry,
— * 1® ^ ]|i *^yih. ko' siang' .neng ,t'o, one elephant can
^ /r V^ — ' ^jt'sien jking p'au' yih wei', a common weigh-
ing a thousand pounds. [nod his head.
^ -^ m^ §S siang' puh 'tien .t'eu, if the elephant does not
>f^ ^ I'lfc itj ^ V^^ kiau' ,t'a c'hiih .lai, they do not let
him come out.
37
^ ^ 1^ Pl| ^ 'liang ,8au .hwei wen^ ,t^a, they ask Mm
two or three times. [ death.
Ift ^ ifc 'W 6^ ^^^ 's* 'ye'y<3u tih, some are starved to
^^^^ Hsung puh 'tien .t^eu, any how they will not
. nod their head. . •
LESSON 39. SILVER MINES.
Wt ^ Tsai^ .lai, to bring. pj 1^ Nui^ ti^, O hina pamp er.
^ ^.Yin'k*wang,«t?t;er-oreg| §§ Han' .o'hau, Handy-
mine, nasty.
^ ^ jSheu 'shui, receive cws-^ ^ T^eh i', purposely.
^J M^ Li' sih, pro^t. [toms.:^ "T jPin^g ^ting, soldiers^
^ ^[^ jPien wai'j beyond the^ ^ jKiau ,fung, yoi» ia^-
^ San', to separate, [border.j ^ ^C'h ien. ^a send. [tk.
1^ P jKwan 'k'eu, borde^^ ^mi 'Mien ^ tien', ^Bix^i^h.
custom house. ^ f^ ,Ngan .nan,, Cji^in^cii^.
K |lj Sbang* jslian, go up a kill.^ "J" 'Chang ,ting, office ser-
j^ 'Chang, large house or office. vants.
; ~p 'Ki shih, several tens, yl^ Jp. 'Lau 'tsau, long since.
jij ^ "P B^ jChung kweh c'huh .yin 'tsX .ni, cfoes
China produce silver? [ Aarf silver.
^^^ ^'^ ^ 'P^^ -l^i 'y^^ yi^ 'tsi* tih, originally it
^B ^ ^ itb li^ ^ ^ .ju ,kin nui' ti' muh 'yen tih, now
there is none in this country. [that have silver.
-W ^ ^ ^ ^ >^ 'y^^ -yi^ 'k'wang tih ti' .fang, places
y^^^M^J Jlau^tsg jx ,tu 't^s&Jsin' 'liau, it has
long since been taken all away. '
ii§ ^%J^ ^ "W 1^ 'Mien tien' tsai' .lai 'yeu tih, some is
"~ " "broughtfrom Birmah.
^ ^ ^ "y^tfe -W 'Ngan .nan .yin 'tsi 'ye 'yen, in Cochin-
china there is also silver. [Han dynasty,
*M 19 6^ ^ 'M Han' .o'hau tih .shi heu', in the time of the
S-^ i& 4 ^ H ^ ® ,Ngan .nan 'ye tsai' ,Ohung
kweh 'li mien', Cochin-china also was a part of China.
M'H^iKlUM '^i^n *i®^' 'y®^ 'Ta ,shan ^q'hang, in
Birmah there is the Ta-shan silver-mine [of TUn-nan.
^W^ ^^h *sai' .Ytin .nan ,pien wai', outside the bo7'de$*
^ ^ ^ MW^Ngan .uan 'yeu Sung^ ^sing'J^i^ in
Cochin-china istne Si gig sing si lver-m ine. """^
^^®l^^\ tsai' 'Kwang ,si ,pien wai', heijond the
border of Ktoang-sL ^. ,-,--^
# # 4^ ®^^^y^T@.t^sung .t^sien 'pen kweh 'ti
'Mien tien^(ta cbanp ;j^ /ormer^y oui- country tvent to war
with Birmah^ yr^
^^•^^ ^^/liang mien^ ,ping 'ma ^u ,fiing, the
two armies of soldiers and horses met in bmtTe, ^
^ "T Si ^ "^ T 'c'hang ,ting ,;i ^king san^ 'liau, the
miners were all scattered,
i^ -W A i- ^ ^ ^ niuh 'yen .jen c^iu^ yau' .yin 'tsi,
no one went to seek silver.
# ^ IS: jt W M^^ heu^ .lai^heh lih ,kwan fii' ,sheu
sliui^, afterwards th ey ap pointed officers to collect duties.
^M^^Wi ^(tWi^'kwan che^ ko^ shi^ they attend
specially to this matter,
Jt Ul ^•^§)^ M fi^ ^ "T* shang^ ,shan c^hii* (&)
. 'k^wang li tih .yin 'tsi, they tvent up the hill tojeekfor ?^
the minis: .^.s ^
jkwanj^u '.wen shui^ they must first pass the custom-
house and pa^ the duty.
r LESSON 40. WATEE.
[lually.
Rfe \M C'hih jkwan, eat habi-'^ J^ Tuh slii^, only.
^ 'l^ jC^hai ,kwan, send ha-*^ ^.C'hang'ldeu, longtime,
^ ^ 'Lau jfii, /. [bitually.^ ^ 'Liang yang', different.
^ Suh, to pass the night. JD§ ^ .P^eng yen', friends.
^ 1^ 'Si 'lien, ivash theface.y^ ^ ,Kiau kwan^, to water.
W -U, small bowl. ^ ^ jKan ,k^u, withered.
'^ iW -C^keng jt'sing, fo cleanse. {^ ,Kien, socfa. . ♦
§S ^ -Yen seh, colour. lUt^ ,Kien c'hi*, soda vapour.
^ 1^ O^hi^ wei^, taste. Jt ^ 'T^u c'hi^, exhalations.
7^ >jfE Ta^ kai^, the most. QQ Shai^, to dry in the sun.
^ IM -2 ^ ..wu kia ^^^L^i)a u, an inestimable treasure.
39
3l ^ W 1^ 'wuj^^peh ^\vo)tIiefive ki ^ds of grain and
^^ the hundred fruits,
# ^ *tb :^ i^l^ W ^ ^ H ^ ® .Kan auh ti^
jfang 'shui jmF'shai^ shih tsai^ .wu kia^ ,chi '^u, water
in K anrsu h is very sca^^ce and is indeed of priceless value.
^ ^pffi)"^iiMAi»J II :W 'lau .fu ^c^hai ,kwaii
yili ko^ yung^ .jen tau^ .Lan ^cheu, / used to senamessen-i -\ji^ (;^ i
ger regularly to Lan-cheu. [he sl ept at o. lodging houseSl K^ *
1^ ftv^lSb ^ J!S ye^ li (^&i tsai^([ k^h tien^v tw f/^e night •
% — ' m :;?|C ^ ^ ^ W^^ yih ,u 'shul sung^ k^eh 'si
'lien, a small bason of water\ toas given\to the lodgers] to
wash their faces. ^*--v
f^Ml B^^ IM^T i^ 'si 'tau 'liau 'lien puh
'k'o 'i/^tieu^'liau 'shui, after ivashing their faces the water
must noFhetkxmiiaway.
JA ^ IE ;d<(&m)T II M ge^% 'pa 'shui .c^heng
,t^sing liau tsai^ vung^ the landlord cleansed the water to
ic icsed again. • _^^^— -_ __
M S^ ^ ^ ^4 ^ ?!K 'shui pnh ^jJ^Tlie^tih !
tsieu' kiaii^ 'siijshui, loater that does not flow is called
dead water.
^^^:A^fe^^ shi- heu^ ^S^anslkJ^^ .yeu-seh
yau^pien/, o/*^ a ?o?i^ time the colour changes.
M ^m^ ^ ^ pf i^ P^iilfeisffigi' ye p^i^ '^^ v^
'k.'o 'i cHiih, it smells had and is not good to drink.
A m i!b >^ ig ^ ^ta^kai'ti^fanglche^yang^ tih, inmost
jjlaces it is so. [yang^ till, only in Kan-suh it is different^
^^'^M^^m^ l^^tuhshi^.Kansuhpuhshr che'^
.c^hang 'kieu 'shui teh 'liaii 't^u c'hiMtsieu^ ,t^sing 'kau c^hih.
teh, after a long time the water, through the influence of
^ the soil becomes clear and may be drunk.
^^MM^^Mi^"^ 'wo 'yeu .p^eng yeu^ tsai^
.Ning-hia^ tso^ jkwan, I have a friend who toas a magis^
trate at Ning-hia.
'flfc "»* w ^ ;t^a J^au^ su' 'wo, he informed me.
40
.neng hia* 'ti ^t^s^hau, everywhere {fKan-mh province
if rainfalls it is well.
>¥^ M ^ M ^ ^ 6^ piih kwo^ .Ning hia' 'liang yang'
_^-..tih^ only at Ning -hi a it is different
' ^ "^pf" 3c 1^ i& puh^tan^ puh yau' hia^ 'u, not only do
\ them not desire it to rain, \that it should rain,
\ro ^Irt^ ^ ~F PI *^L'm^^ p'^' ^^^* ^^' '^' ^^^^y «^«v««*'
ra^isi®^^ W^^yi^-weiche^ko^ ti^ ,to ,kieii
. c^W, because herjejhere is much joda in the soil.
Mis:^B M^l M ^ m^ ±@)'ttt'aistojih
.t^eu shaJjT^iau tsieu^ 'yeu jkien c^hi^ shang^ jsheng, if
there is much rain^ then ivhen the sun shines the vapour
of the soda ascends. ^
k^an' choh ^siang^'siuehyih yang^, ,hwa 't^sau ,tu yau^ ,kan
jk'n, seen near it looks like snoio, and the flowers and
grass wither . P^ " — ^^\
^ 1^ ^^^- T M -tfc ^JS ^Cl^£>o 'i yih .nien
puh hia^ 'ii 'ye pu h tsai^ ,8in sTfang^^ /fierefore if for a
year it dices not rain, i t jnatter s^ Ij p lle.
: ^ S\^;ffl ^MC ^ .Ning hia^ tau^ itien 'mi tsui^ ,to,
ut Ntng-hia riceS&^g^rown in thefields in great quantity.
H-^^^M ^ ?!K^ M\tan<l^^^i^ .ho 'shui ,kiau
kwan^, it.r^esmrtfie Yellow river alonefor tooif^ng.
'^ W^^^Mj^ IK 'sbui ,hwen 'tau (hT^i^ tih 'hen,
tke water is rrmMy hut very fertilizing^.. '- • .'.'
tih loh ti'\wu kuh peh 'kwo'^tu shr (fahwancy^ "tm, in the parts
redded Vy the water, the gra iii omE^ uits are oiju ndan t.
^ ij^ ;^ ^ ^ Jt puh pih^au fen^tsai^ shang^tV does
not need to he manured.
tih 'shui!,Bhau .wei ,t^sing yih 'tien tsieu^ fang^ ,t^a .hwei
c*hu^, tvhen tlie water inthefelds'.has become clearer it is
allowed to return. '[
LESSON 41. COALS AT PEKING.
^ ^^Kien^ yiVLjestMishacapital^^ ^ Tstiu^ .t^eu, cooking range.
tn
41
' ^ '^.C^heng .c*hi, walli!^ maat.^ ,C'liui, to bum.
^ ^ .0-hau .t^ngj the court.^ 'Chu, to boil. [pieces.
JifC ^'ShmWjCanalsdriversJ^ ^ ,C^hiau sui^, breaJc
^ j^ Han' lu', roads. ^ fp ,Hwei yin', chalk mark.
g^^.C*hai,siii,wood/or/we?.^ ^ Pan' -"^^ii? Aa^a cas/i.
• — ^ Yih hiang', OTze kind/ gf Skj' chung', #Ae amount.
>f* J£ Pull tsuh, not enough, ^ p^ Fen' 'liang, weight, [pit.
"W ^'YQiuiaSWi)era6w7ic?a;ice.^§ J£'Pu tsuh, W2a7.:e wpadefi-
^ m^^M"^ 4b M - =f ^ ^ J^ #, Chung kweh
Men' ,tiv tsai' Peh ,king yih ^t'sien ,to .nien 'i .t'sien, China
had its capital at Peking more than a thousand years ago.
1^ — ^lfe^|9^B$^ .t'eu yih t'bi' tsai' .Liau
.c'tau tih .shi heu', first in the time of the Liau dynasty.
jking ,tu tih .c'heng .c'hi jkung tien' .c'hau .t'ing miau'
'ii jhwa .yuen ^tu shi' .wan ,t'siuen, in the capital^ the tvalls
and moat, holls, palace, temples and gardens, are all com-
plete.
yl^^^^Mi^y^^J 'Bhui lu' han' lu'Hhtai'
hia' .lai 'yeu 'liau, there have been canals and roads through
successive generations till now.
^'^■kMM%^)&^^^^^'7^ 'yeu > .t'ung
jt'ien jsheng .c'heng jkung tih 'hau c'hii', there are also
natural advantages seeming like the gift of heaven.
hll^^^-^^M^'V^ Ms .c^hai ,6in yih hiang'
,tung ,si,for example, there is for one thing a supply of
wood for fuel.
ffi UJ (J^ Hi i^ ^ :^ j)|^ ;Si ,6han tih c'huh 'c'han 'yeu
'hau .mei, among the productions of the western inountains
there is good coals.
M M M iK^^"^^ 'hau tso' ,shau 'ho tih kung' yung',
it is serviceable for burning.
^'^'^^MM^^^^' 'lau tih hwa' ,siang x'hwen
hia' .lai, in the words of old men coming doivn by tradition.
{^ >j^ ^ ^\f ® [Jj ills ,shau puh tsin' tih ,si ,shan .mei,
the coal of the tvestern mountains cannot be burned out.
'OiMifixfA-^^^ — ^tan' shi' ,kiug 'li tih
^2
jea yih ,t'ieti ,to yih jt^en, but the inUahitants of the ca-
pital grow daily more numerous.
shang^ jC^hui 'chu yung' tih 'ho yih ,t^ien ,to yih ,t'ien, the
hitrning and cooking in the kitchens increases daily,
MM-^BM-^B .mei Ma' yih jih kwei' yih jili, the
price of coal is daily higher,
— •> /r I — * ^.mei;C^hiausui' 'liau'meik'wei' shang^ ta^
yih jhwei yin^ mai* .t^sien ,san .wen ki' chung^ rP ,kin shih
.ri 'liang, the coal was hrohen in pieces, on each piece a *
chalh mark toas made ; it teas sold for three cash, and
tveighed ttoo catties and twelve ounces,
hien' tsai^ kia^ .t^sien yih yang^ yih k'wei^ tih feu^ 'liang
puh kwo^ y\\i ,kin ,to 'tien^ at present tlie price is the same,
hut the weight of one j^iece is not much more than a cat{y.
ift^^^lJi^^iliM Chih li-' 'sheng Hwoh luh
hien^ 'yen .mei 'c^hang, in tJie province of Chih-le, there
is a coal-mine at the district of Hwoh-luh,
^ M -Hf^ >l^ ;^ W M .li jking puh kwo' luh peh 'li, it is
distant fi'om the capital only tioo hundred miles,
®lil^i£li^ft^^#^mfi>5£,si,8hanpuh
tsuh Hwoh luh tih 'yeu .ti 'k^o 'i 'pu tsuh, the western moun-
tains if deficient can he supplemented from the additional
s^tpply at Hwoh-luh.
LESSON 42. JUNK NAVIGATION.
j^ ^ fgF.THng puh tell, you must not stop.
^ -^ 3® 'Tseu puh kwo^5 you cannot pass,
^ ro ^ J Sin ,k^ai .ho, neioly opened canal,
'^^1^ Tan^ puh kwo^, only,
y^ P -y* 'Lau 'k^eu 'tsi, old mouth river.
j^ ^ ^ Pi' jk'ai .lai, to pass hy and avoid,
^ ^ iP Full 'pan ,sha, name of a sand hank, [chor,
^ iffiMuh .iiiau, tvooden aiichor,^ §§ T4eh ,mau, iro7i an-
43
»
JiS c^ -^^ .p'an^ marinerh compass. ^ "^ ^au .wei, a ^i<^7e.
'^ m # ± 1^ ^ 7i P ^ ^ * 'hai .c'hv;n .t^sung
Shang^ 'hai .Hwang p^u' 'k^eu ngan' ,k^ai c%ii^,a8eaJic7iJc
sets sail from the hanlcs of the Hwang-pic at Shanghai.
I^M=?f3L-M&d1^^0A #hiangStung.hing
Vu shih 'li c^huh .Wu ;Snng 'k^eu juh .yang, going east'-
wa7'd it travels for fifty li passing out of the Wu-sung
river mouth.
roundthe Fuh'2yau bank, it sails to Si^-k^ai-ho in T^aung-ming.
^ ft ~- ■g' — + M kung^ ki^ yih peh yih shih ^i, it
numbers in all mie hundred and ten li,
X-b + M^J + ^J^ilft #yeu' t'sih shih 'li tau'
Shi'h hiau' tsieu^ sW nui^ jaiigj there are seventy more
li to Shih'hiau^ which is in the inner ocean.
^ ^ Pf Jtii f^ 1^ che^ 'li 'k^o 1 .t^ing .c^hweii; here you
can stop the junk.
heu^ shun* ,feng fang* .y^^g? '*^^^ ^^^^ 2/^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^
taaitfor a fair tvind to go to sea.
%l^MM^\^\U yeu* hiang* ,tung 'tseu tau* .She
jshan, again going eastward you proceedtoShe-shan island.
^(Jj JLi^'WWif^'ftfi^ ^^^^ 5^^^ shang* muh 'yen
pehsing* chu* tih, on this islandthere are no per sons residing.
J|0f i§5 ^ ^ >5 ]^ T" ^.c'hwen .t'ing puh teh puh .neug
hia* .mau, the vessel cannot stop here^ it is impossible to
cast anchor
m.^ni^^-kn^^^n%m mche' .rxhkng'
jtung c*huh ta* .yang 'wang pei (peh) 'sau .wei ^p^ien
,tung, from this spot going eastward vessels go out to sea
and proceed north cmd u little to the eaatioard.
.Hwang .ho *lau 'k*eu *tsi 'sau .wei hiang* .nan 'yen 'wu
.'t*ftiu jsha 'keng, a little to the south of the old mouth of
the Yelloio river there are five sand banks.
" |iitililHSu'choh,tung,feng'tsung
44
yau^ 'siang lu^'t^sienkoh, should yon meet with an east windy
you must be looking out against shallows and grounding,
^ ISr* ^ ^ ^j\^^i M^S^i^ Xoil^i^you should avoidthem.
j^ ^ */X "^ ^ ^ 't'ung ,kwei ,kiang .nan ti^ kiai^, it all
belongs to the territory of Kiang-nan,
M M "M ^ ^ >^ f^ yung' .lu .p^an tinV kien^ ,fang
hiang', use the compass to fix your course^
^>^f^'(S^~^1©^ hwau^ ,fang hiang^ ,p4en ,tuBg
yih kp^ tsi^5 change your course and go one point more to
th^.Hastward,
MVi f^:^M^ 'ifg M^lSlan.niymig'muh.mau,
ying' .ni yung^ t^eh .mau, with a soft bottom use the wood-
en anchor J and with a hard bottom the iron one.
LESSON 43. FUES.
IS ^ ^ Yiin^ .lai tih, imported.
^[j P ^Y Peh 'k^eu wai^^ beyond the north boundary,
fg ,Tiau, sable, % ^ .Hu ,li, fox,
^ -y- 'li 'tsi*, lining, ^ -^ Mien' 'iu, facing,
^ Cheng', take advantage of.^ ^Tiau' .mau, let fall hair,
^ "^ ^ ><}> Puh ta' puh siau', neither great nor little, aver-
0^ ^ jHwei 'sku, grei/ squirrel^^ .Lang, wolf [ctg^-
^ .C'hau, damp. |§ Juh, rug,
j^ K'ang', brick couch, V^ Liang, to air,
^ ^ # iR S il ^ &^ ,tiau .p'i .t'sung 'na ^li ytin' .lai
tih, whence are sables imported?
^tP ^YMl^^':^^^^V^^ '^'^^ ^ai' .Meng ^ku
ti' jfang .lai tih, they come from beyond the northern bar-
rier^ from the land of the Mongols,
MlilS-y-^^^^ftfe Che' ko' .p'au ^tsi shX'
.hu su' .p'i tso' tih, this long cqai is made of the fur from
foxes' necks.
A + 1® M Bil^^ 6\f pah 6hih ko' ,hwei 'shu .p'i tso'
tih, made of eighty squirrels skins^
^ ^ 6^ ^ M^ W -P'i 'li tih ,hiue .t'eu yih ,shwang,
a pair of skin, lined half boots, ,
fj^ i^ ^ "^ *1§ ^ .lang .p'i 'hau tso' 'ma kwo,^ yivolf skin
can be made into Jackets.
45
Mi^MM^^& cliia^ .t^sien 'ting kwei^ shi^ ,tiau
.p4, the highest in price is sable.
*tsr chia^ .t^sien puli ta^ puh 'siaii si* sliih liang*, a sable
coat costs more or lessfoHy tads.
^ 1® i^ i3^ >?^ i^ % che* ka* .p'i 'hau puh ,tiau .man,
this fur is good, the hair will not fall off.
^M.^M^ :^^M tso^ kwo^ ,i !shang tih .p4 puh
'mai, skins that have been made into clothes I do not buy,
Tm^^^B^WiM^^ Wa"G ,t'ien.pl,i
fuh sheu^ .c'hau yau' tiau' .man, in time of rain fur
clothes become damp and the hair will fall off,
^M^^M^^35c|lBjRB^iBt7 Cheng' Che'
'hau ,t4en c'hi^ ,tsiang .p^i ,i fuh liang' liang^ ,sheu 'lian,
taking advantage of this good weather give your fur clothes
an airing and put them away,
;^ Jt ^ ^ ¥ -^ l§ ^'^^t shang^ ,p*u choh .yang .p4
juh, upon tilt brick couch was spread a goat-skin rug.
*lfc T 4 # ;^ j^ M ti' ilia* ,sheng choh t*an* 'ho lu*,
below he had lighted a charcoal fire.
LESSON 44. IMPORTED FOREIGN MANUFACTURES.
7^ ^ .U .man, camlets. f?r ^ ,Sie .wen, striped.
V^ |IjS| Pih 'chi, long ells. ^ ^ 'Pen seh, unbleached.
?B ^ flf ,Hwa .yang pn*, chintz; printed cottons.
2|C C, 7^ ^ 'Pen seh .yang pu*, grey shirtings.
5^ S "^ "flj ^P'iau peh .yang pu*, white shirtings.
^'tB^* jKwci jhwa pu*, shotted stuffs.
^ >C t5 -Sie .wen pu*, American drills.
?£ ^ 'flj jHwa .c*hi pu*, domestics.
J^ Q ,P*iau peh, bleached.
^ W jT^ien ,t*sing, jmrple. ^ -^ ,Tan 'tgi, a statement.
^ ^ # "-" /E + JE P@.u .man 'mei yih p*ih shih 'wu
'liang, one piece of camlet costs fifteen taels. [ purple long ells.
^ W p¥ 191 ^^ ^, t4en,t*sing pih 'chi 'ma kwa*, a jacZce^o/
%#^itf^^^S ,hwa .yang pu* 'hau 'mai puh
'hau 'mai, can printed cottons be bought or not?
46
4s: S 7^ ^ ^ e # 1^ ^ i5E ^ A If 'penseh.yang
pu^ ,p^iau peh .yang pu^ .t^siuen muh 'yeu jen yau^, both
for grey shirtings and white there is no demand,
^MM^M"^^^^ chan^ .fang 'li ,hwa .c^hi pu^
jChwang tih ,to, in the ivarehouse there are stoioed domes-
tics in large quantities, [there is also no smaU quantity.
^^'ffj'^^'^ ^.sie .wen pu* 'ye puh 'shau, of drills
^ ^^i^lETf^ ^'yeuk'eh ,sbangyau%liwa .yang pu^,
there are dealers who tvant printed cottons,
till ,kv/ei ,hwa .yang pu' muh 'yeu 'yen sell tih tsieu* 'yeu,
there are no ivhite spotted cotton cloths, but there are col-
oured ones,
>^ ^ J^(a ^ :^ ^.yang pu^ 'pi .t'sung ,8ien tsien^ /oret^w
cottons are cheaper than before,
itb^J^iC^^J^^tit ^'t'si- k'eh puh t'ai' .p'ing
k^eh ,shang puh 'kan 'mai, at present times are not peaceful^
and dealers dare not buy,
#^^T'^^^^^ 6^yang pu' sheu' 'liau 'hai
.c^hau 'yeu .mau .p^ing tih, cottons that' imbibed sea damp
are damaged,
# ^ ^ 1^ lUi il "ffi fH ^jang pu' kiau^ .t^sung .t'sien
kia^ chih 'sau ,k4ng5 cotton goods compared toith what
they formerly ivere are a little cheaper,
■^^^mM^^mmmmm'F ,km heu^ tih
jtung ysi shen' yang^ kia^ .t^sien ,k'ai ,tan 'tsi, from this
time the prices of articles wiU be stated m a tabular form,^
LESSON. 45. FOREIGN TRIBUTE;
[fame.
^ J^E .Nien 'ki, 'years; time,]^ ^ C'huh .mihg, to obtain
^ ^^Tsin* \.\mg\ present tri'^ ;f5g'T8aesiang^, chief minis-
^ -y-K^u^'tsij^oty^ers. [bute.^ '^y&i.mexi,rhinoceros,[ter.
^ K^au^, to rely on; lean. ^ ^ Loh .t^o, camel.
^ ffi K^au^ ,si, lying in the west."^ ^.T^u,kin, gild a surface.
^ ,K^wei, hehnet. ^ ^ .Miau ,kiu, gild figures.
Chiah, coat of mail. [talT^ ^ 'Sa ^kin, gild in spois^
^ 'Shui jtsing, rock-crys-^ .Mien, soft; cotton.
47
.wang iih .nien 'ki 'yeu c^huh .ming tih 'tsae siang^ .ming
kiau^ ,1 'yin, in the time of T^ang-wang there ivas a cele- .
brated minister of state called I-yin,
^.^#H^A6^^^ ting' kien' koh kweh tsin'.
,kung tih ,kwei chti^, he fixed the regulations for the pre-
sents brought from various countries,
:^ W ^ II A 6>I ft -f-^ ^ M\ ,tung mien' 'yeu .u
.p'i tih k'u' Hsi .ho k'wai' kien', from the east were brought
fish-shin trowsers and sharp swords,
^^M^^l^^^4^:i .nan ,pien kung' ,chu
'tsi*, siang' .ya ,si .nieu kioh, from the south were brought
pearls^ elephant's tusks, and rhinoceros horn.
^FQ >^ & "5" k'au' jsi mien' tih tsin' kung' yung' .hung
llih .yen seh, .nieu .mau .cjhi'tsi, .lung kioh .ho ta' ,kwei
'tsij those on the ivest brought astribute, red and green dies,
baffalo-hair streamers j dragon horns, and large tortoises,
:|t: ^ H 15 1: &§ 1^ |lB5Fa S -^ peh ,pien kweh tn',
kung' tih loh .Vo .ho peh 'ma, the northern nations pre-
sented, camels and horses.
^^ jiil^^lM ?!jC ^B ft# .Ming.c'hau Jih
'pen kweh tsin' kung' ^k'wei chiah, yau' ,tau, .t'u jChin tih
•p'ing ,feng, 'sa jChin 'sheu jsiang, .miau ,chin pih hiah,
'shui jtsing su' ,chu, in tJie Ming dynasty, Japan sent as
tribute, helmets and coats of mail, belt knives, gilt embos-
sed screens, hand boxes spotted with gilt, pencil boxes
painted with gold, and crystal beads for numbering prayers,
igSmSj^lAttie^^ .C'hau ,8ien c'huh peh
.mien .c'heu, c'huh peh .mien 'ch'i, Corea produces soft
white silk, and soft ivhite paper,
il|j^^^^i"i"E 'ma ,san .nien tsin' kung' 'wu
shi'h p'ih, of horses there are fifty presented in three years.
LESSON 46. THE EMPEROR'S SEAL.
1^ If 'I .t'sien, before. 7)j t|" ,Fang t'sun', square inch.
48
1 lieu', ofttT, ^ "^jT^en 'tsi, sonofheaven.
^^^government seal, ^ ^ .Siun .c'hang, common,
tin', mandarin's seaL ^ ,C'heng, to name, [acter.
^ _ ,T'u ,shu, coirimgn^seal.^ ^ Chwen^-wen, seal char-
^ jFeng, confer royal title, jgg ^ P'eng' chien^/ to meet.
ij^ .Heng, horizontal. ^ Shu', upright.
-y* ^ 3E ^ 6^ .T'sin .c'hau 'i .t'sien peh sing^ ,tu 'k'o
'i jSheDL^deji tai'./fii yung' ,chin Hsi .yin *tsi .ho ytih tso^
tih, before the Tsin dynasty the people could loear a seal at
their^sidcj made of gold, silver and Jade.
'J^A^^^^'^ ta' siau' puh kwo^ ,fang t'sun', they
are in size onh/ an inch square.
^i^WiK Wy ife ^ .c'hau-tai^ yung' ta' tih > 'yeu,
there are also dyriasties that have used large ones.
^ ^ M IM ^ ^ -f- 7- 10 A ^ M.T'sin 'Shi .hwang
'i .lai ,t4en 'tsi* yih ko' .jen ,c^heng 'si, from the time of
Tsin-shi-hwang till noio the tvord si is applied onh/ to the
seal of the son of heaven.
,kwan 'f u 'so yung' tih Eiau' yin', .siiin .c^hang .jen 'so
yung' tih kiau' .t'u ,shu, those used by mandarins o.re
called yin, official seals, and those of the common people
t'u shu, commonuseals.
M ^ i^xf tf a piM 15 M 6\f liwang ti' tih .hing 'si
,feng kweh ,tu yiing' tih, tliat called ''emperor's travel-
ling seal" is employed in cQ3[vferring royaljitles.
M*^6^<ta:lll:^ffilt liwang ti' tih sin' 'si
shi' fah ,ping yung' tih, 'Hliefaithful seal" is used in dis-
patching an army.
^ ;i M # Z^WM 3S ^ © # puh Shi' .hwang ti'
puh 'hii yung' yuli tso' .t'u ,shu, except the emperor no one
is alloived to use a seal of jade.
mien' 'yeu k^eh tih tsi' sheu' ,t'ien ,chi ining' .hwang ti'
sheu' ,c'hang, upon it are engraven the words, receiving the
decree of heaven, the emperor enjoys old age and prosperity.
49
^WiM'^^^Wl^MM^ Koh .c'hau k'eh tih
.wen koh yang'(.t^8iuen shi^ ^ wen^ .wen , each dynasty uses
its peculiar inscription, all are i7i tJiesml character,
^^Jtra^fi^Btf ^^M:|b(g)±/ben Chi'
81^ .nien tih .shi heuMtsai^ jChwang-^ho peh-^Pg^^ slm
in the Ath^year of THen-c^hi^ on the nortJ ^^m ] of the
Chtoang river, ^-
'yeu yih ko^^cmnig^ .t^ien^ih .jen clieng* tsai^ !gkengYt4eii
fp^eD<yOki^n^ 'liau ylili 'si, an agrictdtural labourer as he
was plQjMfhind TfeU m tvith a jade seal.
Z^Wi @B mW^ * 3^|n 2|5: W P"h 'kantsi-clii
.t^sang choh./na c'hti^ aujig^ 'kei 'pen ,kwan, he did not
dare hide it, hut took it to the mandarin of the place and
presented it to him, ^
n-:^^^ "f-^m^"^ n ^^siSfangtlhyang'
'tsi {.lieog tih $liii^^itili 81^ t^sun' ^wan", it ivas square in
its form and taasfour inches loide, abroad and across,
j^ — ' \] m ^ heu' yih t^sun^ ri^ ,fen, it tvas in thickness
an inch q/nd tioo tenths,
± Pff ^W(S M}^ ^^M^ ehang^ mien^ 'yen .lung
.t'eu kiai? tso' .c'hi .lung 'nieu, on its upper surface was
a dragon shaped handle, called the crooked dragou button,
^M^M^ii* A^ -c'hi Jung 'nieu ,kau yih t^sun^
pah ,fen, the crooked dragon button teas one inch and eight
tenthg^n height,
^J 5h '^ 'ti^g y^^^' 'chin tih shi^ .c^hwen kweh ytih 'si
.t^fiung .T^sin 'slii .liwang .c^hau tai^ chih .c4iwen tau^ .ju
jChin, the most important is the seal for transmitting the em-
pire, which from the reign of the emperor Tsin-slii-hwang
has been preserved till the present time,
m^*^«J#®3ESm#|&ffm^.hwang
ti' ,pin jt^ien pa* .c'hwen kweh yiih 'si tsieu' .c'hwen kih
jSin .hwang ti*, the emperor ichcji dyi ng {when departing
for heaven) takes the seal of hereditary government and
gives it to thejieio cmj)cror.
50 .
LESSON 47. GBATITUDE, AN ANECDOTE.
^ H^ 'Tsau nan^, fall inio^ ^ .Sheu .lieu, to retain.
misfortune. [/s^'i^S'-B ^ ,Kwan tsioh, govern-
3Si 1^ T^oh nanY escape ««{/'- ment offices,
^ ^jT^ui 'kei, to give aioay, — ' ^ Yih kung^, the whole,
^ ^ Feng' shi*', fo serve, ^ Jl-Hwangsliang', emperor,
^ PJl .Lang jcliung, member^ ^ .Cheng jen', not to ac-
of a board, knoivledge.
^ ^ Pau' .ngen, be grateful,^ ^ Pih ting', certainly,
^:^^5!i T IlLi' ta' liang' 'tsau 'Hau nan', Li-ta-
Hang fell into misfortune,
5i5S5 — 1@I3:&|!c^fi(l H.Changplhyihko^p'eng
'yeu chieu' ,t'a tih nan', Chang-pih a friend rescued him
from trouble,
^ >T^ 1^ T W W ^^^' -1^1 fs-h 'liau fu' kwei', afterioards
he become rich and great,
^ -t ^ >^ 5^ 3B5 tau' shang' ii' chien' ,Chang pih, on
the road he met Ghang-pih.
I^MM^^^ M clioh jt'a tih 'sheu k'uh, he seized
him by the hand and tvept.
-^Ml^^M:^li|n#. yih t'sieh tih ,chia .t'sai
.t'siuen ,t'ui kih ,t'a, the whole of his property he gave
over to him, [receive it,
i&^ 'W ^^ ,t'a puh 'k'eng ,sheu .lieu, he would not
-t ^ ^ ^ ^ *^ ^ shang' .c'hau shwoh kih .hwang ti'
,t'ing, goi7ig to court he related his story to the emperor,
shwoh tau' .c'hen .ju ,kin feng' si' .hwang shang' ,tushi'
, Chang pih tih lih liang', he said, that your subject can at
present serve the emperor is all due to the efforts ofChang-pih,
If KB £6tfW^-^l&m t'siug yuen' 'pa
.c'hen tih ,kwan tsioh yih kung' kih ,t'a, / desire that all
my offices may be given to him.
M ^ M #• ^ S|5 4'.hwangti'yung',t'a.wei.lang,chung,
the emperor employed him as a member of one of the boards.
i^ i® A ^ ^ $? J^ liaiig' ko' .jen koh 'yeu 'hau c'hu',
the two men were both to be admired.
51
M — iS^^lg© B^j«F;^ che^ yih ko^ pull
.c'heng jen^ tsi^ 'chi 'yeu 'hau c'hu^, the one taould not adf-
mit that he ii^aa good.
iU — 10 ^^ ^ # $R ® na^ yih ko< plh ting^ yau^ pau^
,ngen, the othe^' was bent on recompensing a favour.
LESSON 48. GENEROSITY, AN ANECDOTE.
ift ^ .Bifahjposthumoustttle^^ ^ T^si^ ye^, staytJie night,
•T* .Wang, king; royal title. ^ H^ .No tung^, to remove.
^ ^'KvLXigj first title ofnohility.^ -^-jKung 'tsi, young gentle-
^ j^ Kung^ 'tsung, aUogether.^ Huh, five teu. [man.
JY ySheng, oTie pint ^" 'Teu^ ten pints [tremely.
^ ^ .Hwei tab, to reply. T ^ f^ 'Liau puh teh, ex-
^^^M^^hl^t^ Sung^ .c^hau 'yen ko^ tsai^
siang^ sing^ Fan^ tih, in the Sung dynasty there was a
prime minister of the Fan family.
^^^^^lE^ .Si* fah kiau^ .Wen cheng^ ,kung, in his
posthumovs title he is styled the polished and correct nolle
of the first degree.
*r^#.6^i^-f-iljji|:W*'ta fah ,t'a tih .rl 'tsi
tau' ,Su jcheu c^hti^, he sent his son to Sucheu.
^#)|&tfe|^^,t8iangmeli .c^hwen > .hwei .lai, to
bring bach some boat loads of tvJieat.
^'^^'^ il^t^s'i^ ye^ tsai^ ,Tan .yang, he passed the night
at Tan-yang.
ko^ lau jSiang 'hau '(i fii^ ,t^8in .t^ung .nien tih, he saio an
oldfriendy of the sam>e year with his father.
'li ,san 'k^eu .jen 'si 'Kau ,kwan .t^sai puh .neng .no tung^,
who said that three persons of his family had died, and
he had not yet been able to remove their coffins.
^^1 [bI^^IIj^^ tsang' 'hau 'liau .hwei tau' peh
pien^ c^hii^, after they were buried, he would return to the
north.
i^ ^ ^ -y- In #. HI muh 'yeu fah 'tsi kih ,t<a pan^ he
had no means of doing any thing for him.
52
^ W ^ 'W -^'u 'k'o nai< .\\o,thereioa8 nothing he could do.
,kung Hsi* tsieu^ 'pameh .c^hwen shang' tai' .lai tih meh 'tsi
8ung^ 'liau ,t^a, the young gentleman Fan then took the
laheat on the boats and gave it Mm.
^ )ii ^ i W ^^ kung^ ^tsung 'yeu ^vu peh huh, in all
there were five hundred measures.
.hwei .lai ,t^a 'lau 'tsi wen^ ,t^a chien* kwo^ liau shih 'mo
.p^eng 'yeu muh 'yen, on returning his-fatlier asked him
if he had seen any friends or not?
T =1 P A 6^ jt^a kau^ su' ,t'a 'lau 'tsi tsai^ ,Tan
.yang \i^ chien^ 'liau yih ko^ ,chia ,chung 'si 'liau ,san 'k^eu
jen tih, he told his father that at Tan-yang he had met
one loho had had three persons of his family die,
^ "7* ^ fifc 3^^^ '1^^ '*sT ,t^ing chien' shwoh tsieu^ wen^
,t^a wei^ shih 'mo puh 'pa .c'hwen shang' tih meh 'tsi jpang
,t^a, his father hearing what he said^ at once asked him
why he did not give him the wheat in the boats to assist
him,
.hwei tah shwoh 'wo 'i ,ching 'pa .c^iwen shang^ tih meh
'ts'i sung* 'liau ,t*a, he replied, I have already presented
him tvith the wheat on the boats,
^^"f-M^l MrWi^l Z-% ,t'a 'lau 'M ,t'ing
chien' 'liau 'hi ,hwan tih 'liau puh teh, his father on hear-
ing it was extremely pleased.
LESSON 49. SELF-CONTROL, AN ANECDOTE.
m ^ .t^sung .t'sien 'yeu ko' tsai* siang* sing* Han* ,tih*
'si 'liau heu* ,feng ,t*a tso* 'liau .Weikweh,kung,/ormerZy
♦ From this lesson onwards the Peking sounds are given for words in juh
sheng, but the distinguishing h final used for all words in this tone^class ia
retained.
53
there was a prime minister wliose family name teas Han;
after his death he ivas honoured with the title Wei kiveh
kung, i« e. noble of the first rank of the kingdom, of Wei.
#1 ^ ^ *l^^ -^ 1i 3S V@ ^ ,t'a ,chia ^i ,sheu .choh
jjih ko^ yiih^ 'tsieu -ijei, in his house he had a Jade-stone
ivine-cup. [indeed an invaluable treasure.
^ :S ^ 1M ^ W ;^^^^ ®^^*^'^ -W^^ 3^^^^ 5^^'^* 'P^^j ^^ '^^^^
t^si' 't^sing k^eh' 'yin 'tsieu .pih yau^ ,na ^c^huh .lai ,koh
tsai^ .sih shang*, every time he invited guests to drink loine
it ivas constantly brought out to place on the table.
]S S 'ftfi 'Ci^ ^ i\J ^ ffi *sui^ shi^ ,t^a jsin ngai^ ,tih ,tung
jsi, it teas a thing exceedingly valued.
m — ^^jSit- AW'i Mm^ na' yih' ,t'ien
chiau^ 'ti liia^ .jen ,shwaih liau ko' si' sui', one day by a
servant it toas thrown down and broken into small pieces.
.jen hiah^ ,tih 'lien shang^ ,tu 'kai 'liau .yen-'shih, the ser-
vant was so frightened that his face quite lost its colour,
^|EJ^bT^IP(5g^;^#®Jipkwei'tsai'ti'
hia^ ,k'oh .t'eu wen^ ^kai chi' jt'a shen' 'mo tsui^, he knelt
down and knocked his head on the ground asking tohat
punishment should be adjudged him.
^ S -^ f^ 'ftfc — ' ff^. -Wei kweh ^kung hiang* ,t^a ,yih
.t^siau, the chief noble of the Wei kingdom glanced at him.
>!^i^>^^€|^^fF#«l^ P^h^ ,hwang puh' .mang ,tih
kau' su^ jt^a ,shwoh, without haste or agitation, he spoke to
him as follows , —
.wii lun' shen^ 'mo jtung jSi ,kai .c'heng ,kai p^o' ,tu 'yeu
,yih ting^ jtih c^hi^ shu^, every thing no matter whaty
whether it is to be preserved or broken has a fixed destiny,
iftJLiSi;^— ^B#3^"^ k^wang^ ,t^sie 'ni shi' ,yih .shi
jSh'ih 'sheu, and more than this you have for once let it fall.
Mff-^MM^W^ ^ ^ping'/eiku'iStihyau'.tsap'o'
jt^a, it certainly is not ivilftdly that you desired to break it,
64
— ' ^ jshwoh ,cboh 'lien shang' ping' .muh 'yen yih* Hien
'nau nu^ ,tih i' ,8i .ho .sitin .c'hang .yih yang', as lie spoke
on lifts contenance there was not any appearance of anger ^ it
looked the same as it ordinarily did.
3i^1i^#i5^^»fi^ Ken -tseh pei' .tseh pei' ,tu
,puh jen* ,tih, aa to reproving, he could not bear to reprove.
LESSON 50. INTEGKITY, AN ANECDOTE.
ff ® ^ # aW - M »4l^ M U <^,Chung .kweh
nien^ ^shu jen 'yeu .yih ko' chiaii^ jSifma jWcn ,kung, am07ig
the literary men of China is one called Si-ma Wen-kung^
or the gentle nohle of the Si-ma family.
B^ ^ 1^ HI tsai' jchia li kai' 'liau .yih ko^ ,hwa .ynen
.wei ,tih shi' tsi'^ 'chi.hingloK^tsieu^chiau' .tuh loh'yuen,
at his residence he built a flower garden^ and because it
tvasfor his own enjoyment, he called it the garden of soli^
tary pleasure,
miM^m ^ 6t A ^ 14 S It 'yeu ko' kW .yuen
'tsi ,tih jen .ming chiau' 'Lu .chih, there was a gardener
there of the LiX family^ called Straight-forward.
^ ,yin wei^ jt^a sing' 'tss .ti lu tso' jC'huh shi' .lai .puh
hwei' jWan ,wan 'chwen 'chwen ,tih, because his disposition
toas simple and rude, and he could not do things in a crook-
ed manner,
ia^^|§#.^ T -1® It ^ fi^^f >Wen,kung
tsieu* 'keih ,t'a 'c'hi 'liau .yih ko' .chih tsi' ,tih .ming ts'i', Wen-
kung on this account choose for himthe character Chih as his
name^meaning'^Straight'forward'' [tahenspring arrived,
^Ij T i ^ l§^ H$ "^ *au^ liau ,c'hun ,t4en ,tih .shxheuS
.tuh,shu,tih.jen,san'wu .c'heng .c'hiun.,tu tau* .yuen'li
,lai .yen wan', many students of books, in companies of three
and five, came to the garden to tcalk about for pleasure.
\ ^M ^^f\^ l^'l^k'an' .yuen'tsK ,tih .teh ,tih .c'ha
^ — KA/i .t^sienpuh^ 'shauvshu^'liau.yili shii^tsieu^ 'yeu .shih tiau'
. ,tu shi"' ,t^a.men.lieuhia^ ,tih, tJie gar denei^ received tea-mo-
ney to no small amount, and after counting it found that he
had ten strings {about £ 2. 10 of our money) tvhich had been
' - ' '^ left^by them, * x-^
., / . +.^ ^ i^ >^na^ yih' ,t^ien k^an^ .yuei^tsi ,tih 'Lvl .chili
pa^ clie^ 5shih<fiau^.t*sien yih^ Vu yih^ .shih,chiau'kei,Weii
jkung, that very day the gardener Lu-chih tooh these ten
strings of cash, and in fives and tens gave them to Wen-Tcung,
ai ^Wi m. ^%. WM # 6^1 ^ >Wen ,kung ,8hwoh
che^ shi*^ 'ni , ^ng^ ^ a^ieli jtih .t^sien, Wen-lzung said,
this money you, ought to receive,
^ J ^ ^ .na 'liau c^hii' pa^, tahe it and go. -
ft I'Mmi^ 7-^^."^ f ishwoh'liau^chipienSt'a
.yih ting' yau^ /ieu liia^, after repeating it several times,
he still insisted. 031 leaving it.
^x^^^ W^ 7 'J^ jtih ,Wen ,kuiig ,tu 'nan 'liau,
'/ untiLhe provohedrlVen-kung to become angry.
Jl^^'^M,^ T ^ .t^sai-'^ien 'c^Jiiang .na liau c^hti', he
~'\^the7b^eluctantly carried it atoay. ' r^. ** .
^'lfiI^||ia:K^*±A^^^Ji^hwan .Wei
jChoh .t'eu jshwoh .chih 'yeu 'chu jen .puh ngai' .t'sien
j 'mo, turning his head round he said, it is only my master
I suppose that does not love money?
XM T + ^ ^ yeu' two' 'liau .shih 'chi ,tqen, again
afeio days passed away. ^ - ,^
.jen tau' .yuen 'li chien' 'tsing shang' ,sin kai' 'liau .yih
ko' .t^ng 'tsT, the master going into his garden saw over the
well a neio arbour erected. [there respecting it.
^ 59 iffiL ffl -p^aD wen' ,t'a .men, he aslced those toho tvere
^M. 6^ -^'sai '^chMau' tsieu' shi' .t'sien ji'h' k'an' .yuen 'tsi
.teh ,tih na' .shih tiau* .t'sieu ,sin kai' jtih, Jie then learned
that it toas newly built with the 'ten strings of cash ob-
tained by the gardener.
56
LESSON 51. RULES FOR A FREE-S(.^HOOL.
I
sheh' lih^ i^ .hidh pih^ ,8U 't^sing .jen 'p4ii ,twaii cheng^ ,tili
.jenj tso' jSien jslieng, in eatahlishing a charity school^ yov,
must invite a vian. of tipright character* to he master.
^ ^ ^ M ^ it f II ^ ^ >Ci> hiiieh .wen yau^ ,t'ung
.ta chiau' hiiin^ yau^ tsin' ,sin, in his learning he must he
thorough, and in his teaching dili<jent and faithful.
m.M%^(^'^^WL^^WU cW ko' i' .hiueh
.Vsai .puh clii*^ 'yeu .ming .wu .sliYli, this charity school
will then not become a name without reality.
^ jcLing 'kwan HVi shi^ jtih .jen 'mei .nien ,t^sieii
jtung ,tih .sh'i heu' liang' hia^ ting^ chien^ .niing .peh, those
who superintend the mattery every year in the autumn or
winter, make the arrangements on hoth sides.
H It ^ ^ #H^ Mi^ite^ If ^^ ^
jk'ai 'kwan ,tih jih* 'tsi .t^sien 5saii ,t4en yung^ .hung 5t^ieh
jfung Hosing ,sien jslieng .lai, th^ee days hefore the time of
opening the school, a red card should he prepared and
presented to the master inviting him to come*
^^M^^ — '^ — "f'A'f* ;^5sien jsheng .suh ,sieu
yih^ .nien n^ .shih ,pah ,t^sien .wen, the master's emolu-
ment shall he twenty eight thousand cash in a year.
Wimm^^^n^^m^-^^A'i-^ fan'
.t^sien 'tien jsin .t'sien 'mei .nienkung^ 'tsung xV .shih ,pah
jt^sien .wen, his allowance for dinners and luncheous will
he in all tioenty eight thousand cash.
^^'baJ^±itPrja±!^^ Weh ,8heng ,t'sih
sui' '\ shang^ .t^sai 'k^o 'i shang^ .hioh .t^ang, pupils of
seven years and more can enter the school.
,tih fu^ jt^sin ,ko ,ko yti^ ,sien yau' ,k'ai .ming 'pen .hioh
jsheng ,tih sing^ .niing, .nien 'chi chu^ chu^ sung^ tau^ .hioh
.t^ang .hii 4uiu shang^ pu' 'isi, their faUiers and elder
57
brothers must prepare a clear statement of the surnames
and proper names, age and residence of the pupils, and
bring it to the school that entries may be made on the books.
jsheng tau^ 'kwan'koh .jen tsai' ti' ,chiun mien* .t-sientso'
^san ko^ ,yih, the scholars on arriving at the school are to
make three boios to the god of literature, [take their seats,
^ ^ ^ ^ 4^ lieu' .lai tsieu' ,kwei tso^ after this they
^J ^ a :Sit (^ 6^ H# >jj| m M M m tau' ye-li fang'
.liioh ,tih .sh'i heu' 'ye chau*^ die' yang', at night when the
school is dismissed they do this again,
M Iff Hf "fel^ ^ M ^ 'inei yueh' ,c*hu ,yih .slii'li 'wu
jsien jsheng 'ling ,t*a .men tan' ,wenti' ' wu ti ' ,k'wei ,sing
mien' .t'sien tso' liang ko' ^yih, every month, on the first
and fifteenth, the master is to take the pupils to onake two
boivs before the gods of literature and military affairs and
before lOwei-sing {a star in the Great Bear).
'kwan ,tih jen ^yih ko' yueh' liang t's'i' ,t'sin tsi' tau^ 'kwan
jchung, the superintendents twice a month go themselves to
the school,
^ ^ .c^ha wen' jkung k'o pa' ,t'a 'so nien' ,tih ,shii ,c'heu
jC'hiih yih' 'pen .lai chiau' jt'a .slieuh pei', they inquire in-
to the tasks of the pupils, take the books they read, select
a volume, and call on them to recite it toithout mistake,
tsi'' 'chi* jC'lmh 'clii ko' .lai chiau' ,t'a ,shih jen', as to the
characters the scholars knoiv, they point them, and require
their sound to be given,
pei' .puh kwo' .lai .ho puh' jen' .teh tsi' ,tihj if any one
cannot recite, and does not knoio characters correctly,
fti1i^it^BA;^)^±lBM > ,t'a ,tih sing'
.ming t'ieh tsai' .t'siang shang' chi' kwo', his name is pasted
on the wall to be remembered.
58
H^^gCi|:$fc^^JW*tr ,san t'sV puh'kai
't^sing jsien ,BheDg ,fen .pieh tseh 'ta, after three times
should he not improve, the master is desired to give him
a proportional heating on the hand.
pei* jshu .sheuh, jen^ tsi^ ^chen, 'sie tsi' 'hau ,tih, 'shang ^t^a
'mai .pih ,tih .t^sien, if they recite their boohs perfectly, give
the sound of tlie characters correctly , andiorite neatly , they
are to he reioarded tvith cash to huy loriting pencils.
ftfc |1| "i* >?^ ?|l Jt f^jshu 'kwan 'li 'yeu ta* .hioh ,8heng
jClii fu' 'siau .hioh ,sheng, ngai^ Ha chia^ ,tih 'kan ,t^a
c'huh c^hii', puh^ 'chun shang^ 'kwan, if in the school any
old scholar ill treat any young scholar, and if there he any
ivho are fond of fighting, they must he drivenfrom the school,
' '''^^*^ LESSON 52. A CAVEEN. •
M B5 ^ # i\^%^ ^ ^ ^ ,ki^S-«i 'yeu .Ytin 'shiii
tung^ shi' 'yeu-rming^tih, 071 the west of the capital, the
Cloud^ud^tvater cavern is celebrated, : t • . *
M Mm^- m:^ M Ul;^ ±/^^ .m ci .yau
puh' 'yuen.tsai^ jkau ,shan ^pien shang^, it is not distant
from the coal mines, ayjjHs on the side of a high hill.
m^^'^^M ri@^ A^M^ 6^'yeu .ho shang'
chu^ tsai' tung^ .men t^i' kigli^ .jen 'Img lu' ,tih, there is a
priest loho libes at the door of the cavern, who leads the
loayfor v^itors, ^ ^
^M iK ffi ;^M ^ tai^ ',choh 'hwo 'pa 'tseu tsin^ c'hiv,
taking torches they £nteu^
MM"^^ M^^iM^:^ Ji t^ ^'limien' ,tili .sliih
.t^eu 'fang fuh^ ,tih 'shui .c'heng jtih ,ping, the stone toith-
in, is Wee dropping water forming icicles,
^ ^ che^ ko^ tung^ 'yeu 'k'eu chiau^ tso^ .nieu .lang 'k^eu
ngai* teh 'hen 'tsung yau* .p^a ^choh tsin^ c'hu^, this cavern
has a passage called the herdsman's passage, it is very
low; you must creep to pass through it.
69
^Wt M ^ yih !»' tein' c'htt'(jW chT'
'hen ,to, all me way in, the curiosities are very numerous.
^Mi^^W.^^MMtJ yen 'liang .t'iau .shxh
.lung 'pa 'eheu ,choh tung' 'k'eu, there are ttoo stone drag-
ons guarding tJie casern entrance.
.lung .t^n shi^ jkan jtih .pai .lung .t^an slii' 'yeu 'shui ,tih,
there is also a black dragon pool, tohich is dry, and a
tvhite dragon pool toith tvater.
^ -^ ^ j^ W y®^' 'y^^ ,sh.wen 'hu ,chwang, tJiere is also
a pillar called the tiffer-t ijinq post.
•fG ji^ ffii fi?v ^ 3fe 'pa\^wo '■pa^-cha ou^'dh oh ,kwang, take
a torch and sheto a tight ^ -'--^ . ^
jen tau^ tung^ 'li .lai .silln ^cliau 'pau .shih,^rmerly a
man tvent into the cavern to seek for precious stones.
^^^J^i^r^#»^^7 V^^' ,clii shen^ 'mo .yuen
ku^ ,t^a tsieu^ 'si* 'liau, I do not know tvhat was the cause
of it, hut he died there.^^
:^^^ #. 6^ :t ±W0f^ fi^ Jt T 5 K 'si^ui ,tih
fsSii^ ,t^a ,tih jshen shang* ,tsien ,tsien ,tih .c'heng 'liau
.shih .t^eUj ivater dropped on his body and gradually he
tvas turned into stone.
im4^M^ M M W®M %> ,chin ,t^ang tsai' tung<
'li mien^ .fuh ,clioh ti^, lie is now lying in the cavern with
his face to the ground.
^^MA^Wl^MM ^che^ .shih .t^eu .jen cliiau<
tso^ .hwei .hwei .pieh 'pau, this stone man is called the
MoJjmjfietan selecting precious stones..
^^fASl^^:^tsm^c^huSpah 'li lu^ 'yeu 'shui,
after entering for a distance ofeiaht li there is water.
^^f (g «1 tK IS ft T 4#||^ t4 A ^„.4^
j^ .ho shang^'Jtsau pa^ muh^ ,t^eu t6o^ 'liauko^ ^ah/ .l an>
puh^ chiau' .jen tsin^ c^hii^ yeu^ 'yuen, the priests eai^ly
made a wooden barrier to prevent persons going farther.
^0^^^^10Aa*^^Hl^,chiac'hing'
kj^ * v>v
^
[bVr
60
u^'yL
r
.nien ,chien 'j^eu 'liang ko^ jen tsin^ c^hti^ mei^ 'yeu c'liuh
.lai, in the reign of Kia-hHng {about 50 years since) two
men entered ivho never came out again.
LISTS OF USEFUL WORDS AND SHORT PHRASES.
1. Place and Direction,
^V SS wai^ .t^eu, outside.
^ ^ .c^heng 'li, in the ^zHp
^ ^p x;'li< lig ivai^j oiLtside the city.
tJL -c ^ljUiu t<liang^5 on the f ^jjdg^
r. Jiiusliang^, w^ stairs, r i
^ iiy jclimg j,ei, ivest of the capital,
(f^*)^tl Jamg *iK3i, /lor^/i ofthd^pth
Sic tS ^ l^^i *^6u ,tung, east of the drum toiver.
p£ p 'chjauh 'ti hia^, under^oK k^
i0|S,^ na^ .pigjij 05 that(^i^
Ml W ^i^^^^ .t'sien, before the temple.
^ ^ ts^i' jchia, ^ tsai', at home.
M ^ ^ che^ kVai' .ri, ^ ^i ^^^^^ -^i^^i -^'h ^*^^^-
^ P3 tsai' nei^, ^ Pp nei^ jchung, among them,
^ ^ tui' mien^, Hj* >|& tui' kwo^, opposite,
koh^ c'hu', everyivhe7*e.
.nan ^pien, 07i ^7ie sow^A.
jcheu .wei, P^ ^ si^ mien^, all round,
jjrgj kwai^ (KS^ -i'^; obliquely,
'peih jslian, northern mountains,
|\si .hu, lyes^ ?^e.
;^ '\v:ang jtung 'tseu, go to the east,
^_ yih' .ch'ih, straight,
7^ T^'^jau' ^cho 'tseu, ^0 go xwUHd-
n'E-WS
-^.
\
,^»
I U>..y
/"
^v\K«^Va
^ ^ 'na 'li, where?
iJR ^ na^ 'li, i(5 5i na^ .hai .ri, there.
55(5 — 'v^ M '^^ yib^ .t4au, tau*, Wiic/i road ?
^ ^ ^ che* li .lai, come /iere.
S^ PJl ,sin ,chuDg, z« the heart,
1
2. Tme.
^ jchin jili% -^ j^ ,chin .r'i^ to-day.
^ .ming jih^, ^ ^ .ming ai, to-morroti:. .
5^ .tsoh j'ili^, ^ ^ .tsoh .ri', yesterday.
^ ^ jChin jt^ien, to-day,
^ ^ .ming jt^ien, to-morrow,
^ heu^ jih^j ^ ^ heu^ ,t^ien, day after to-morroio,
^B -^ .ju jchin, I§[ -4^ hien^ jChiii, noio,
^ ^ ,tang Ilia-, ^ I§[ ,taiig hien^, noio.
^ 3^ heu^ .lai, afterwards,
TC ^ jSien yau, yo2* must first,
^1 "^ J^ iiioh^ heu^ .ri, ^ -^ moli' heu^, afterwards', at last,
i^ ^ 'ngeu jan, ij^ ^ 'ngeu .ri, occasionally,
^ ^ .siiin x^hang, ^ ^ .c^hang .c^hang, constantly,
jE cheng^, jE i^ cheng^ tsai^^/ws^ as; just at.
^ HI) .t^sai jkang, ^ .t^sai, Jz^s^ wow?.
Hll ^ jkang .t^sai, ^] Hi] ,kang ,kang, ^ ,kang, y?*5^ noio.
^ 1^ tsieu^ jshwo, he then said,
^ ^ 5niei .nien, every year,
' ^ *Y^ ^^Sl^, 07ZC6. .
^> ^ hwuh^ .jan, suddenly.
2i >^ 'i ,ching, already.
■^ ^ c^hti^ .nien, ?as^ j/^ar.
^ ^ .ming .nien, wea:^ year.
R^ ~^ ^ .keh ,san .t^en, after three days.
j£ ^ jcheng yueh.'^ first month,
m, ^ lah^ yueh^, twdfth month,
^ -^ hia^ ,wu, m ^7ie afternoon.
62
J^ Ift tsai^ shwo^, say it again,
^ M "^fl*^ jSanjih' heu* ,tsai .lai, come again after
three days,
^ M ^ ri* yueh^ 'li, in the second month,
^^kwt 'chi 'tien ,chung, ^ h ^ 'chi hia^ ,cliung, tvhat
is the hour ?
^ B^ 'chi .shi, tvhat time'i
— ' 10 ^ ^ -yili ko^ li.pai^, one iveeJc.
^ 10 ^ pan^ ko^ yueh^, half a month.
* ^ "T^ yi^^ .nien pan^, a year and a half.
— '15^ ri^ jkeng (i) jt'ien, the second watch.
^JJ — ' ,c^hu ,yih, the first day of the month [cade.)
^^ ^ jC^hu 'chi, tvhat day of the month it is? ( in the first de-
"T" ^.shih 'chi, tvhat day of the month? (in the second decade,)
Hi ~f^ ^ rr .shih 'chi, do. (in the 3rd decade.)
3. Affirmative and Negative Expressions.
'W 'y^u, ^ ^ 'yeu^tih, there is] there are.
5x ^ -^^i 'yen, there is none; there are none.
^ ,cho, it is so ; yes.
•W B^ 'y®^ '^1? ^'^ ^Aere any?
^ ^ shi^ jtih, ^ shi^, j/es; t^ is so.
Jf^ TO P^'^^ t^soh', it is not turong; it is so.
^ j^ P^h^ shi"^, it is not so. .
^ ]^ 'ko 'i, you may; it tvill do.
^^ ^ jC'ha puh^ ,to, it differs little.
^ ^ puh' .li, it is not far from it.
f^. iS )C'ha 'yuen, it is very different.
^ ^ 'hen shi"^, it is very true.
^ ^ 'tsung yau'j you must.
)ii fe 'tsung shi*^, it must he.,.
J^ j^ tsieu' sh'i^, it is just...
^ :^ .t^sai shi*, it is then correct.
M fe .yuen shi', it is as before.
^ ^ P^li' ;Chti, it matters not which.
^ Ml puh^ 'chun, it is not certain.
^ AE puh^ ting^, it is not certain,
^ M 'yeu 't^su, it is pretty; it is well.
5^ ^ .mei 't^sti, it is not pretty; it is not well
^ iJ^ puh^ 'pih, you need not
W >f^ :^ 'k'o puli^ shX^, ;^ is not so?
^ 1^1 puh^ .t^ung, not the same,
^ M. V^^^ y^^'^^gy '^ot reasonable.
^ tr puh^ -hing, it will not do.
^ m* puh^ tui^, it does not agree.
^ iro .wu lun^, without considering.
^ BE puh^ p'ei', o^«^A^ Tioif; wo^ a match for.
~^ Wi V^^ 'k9,n, not dare.
A^ JJb V^^ ^^^h ^^^s ^oi stop; not only.
^ ^ puh' jkwan, it does not concern,
HE ^ ;^ ping' puh' shi^', it certainly is not.
^ W P^^' '*^^g> I do '^ot understand.
^ 3 puh^ 'k^en, not loilling ; I will not.
>fi ^J ^S puh^ tau^ 'pen, not so much as I gave for it.
4. Common Adjectives*
:^ ta', great^ /J^ 'siau, liUle.
^ ,to, many, ^ 'shau^/ett?.
^ ,kan dry, )[^ ,shih, wet; moist.
^ tsing^, clea7i, ^ 'tsang, d;2V^y.
if^ ,kau, high, ^ ,ti, Zoi^.
^ jk^wan, z«;/c?e, ^ 'chaih, narroio.
|JC 'jwan, 5q/X. ?|g ying^, Aard
fl .c'hiung,^oor.^ fii^, rich.
^ ^ -teng jtih, across; §| |J^ shu^ ,tih, upright.
' )j^ .liang, coZrf, l^joh^, hot.
^ k^wai^, ywzci, j^ man^, slow.
^ >^ i^^ liien^ .c^heng ,tih, ready-mKide; ready.
^ "^ 6\f tiiig^ tso^ ,tih, made to order.
}$. heu^, thicJc,^ .pauh, thin.
'SH'.t^ien, sioeet,^ jSuan, so?^r.
^ 'k% bitter,^ laS /lo^.
ry4
m ^ fiW 'slieng .t'sien ,tih, economical.
® ^ ^ f^^' .t^sien ,tih, toasteful in expenditure,
jtf 'hau, good,^ jjf puh^ 'haii, ftat^.
3^ ^ si' jfang ,tih, square.
I ^ -P'iiig .c'hang, common.
§^ jhei, black; darJc,}^ .pai, 2«7/^/^{».
Hb ngan', c?ar7^, ^ liang', hrigld.
5b jSheng, rat(;; strange, ^ .slieii, r/^^e; cooJced.
•^ .c'hang, long, ^ 'twan, s7eor^.
^ kwei', dear; Jionoxirahhj ^ tsion', cheap; mean.
t^c jSlien, c?€ep,0g 't^sien, shalloto.
)^ 'leng, co?(i, ^ .nwan, warm.
•'^'tsaiij earZyjJJ^ wan', late.
^ .sin, wet(;, ^ chieu', o7c?.
=^ ;Sung, loose; easy; lights ^ 'chin, tight.
^ ,chen, f^-we,"!^ 'chia,^afo<3.
yj^ ^ 'lau- .sh'ili, honest, ^ ^ .chieh .sliih,/r??i.
^ ^ ,c'liien ,hu, humble, |^ ^ ,chiau ngau', proud.
^ ^ jt'sung .ming, intelligent, ^ pen', stujnd.
iM 1S^ pien' ,tang, convenient.
^ 'cheng, eiitire, ^ gL .tsa Ian', confused.
^j ^ li' hai', dangerous.
S chung*, Aeavy,^ ,c'hing, ?z(7/i^.
Yr S jC'hing .paih, jj?am; intelligible.
1^ ^^ .nan .toh, r«re, ^ ^ .yung i% o«6v/.
5. Prepositions.
5|^ .ho, .hwan, .hai, and; with.
^ .lien, together with. |^ -t'ung, ^ ping', with.
^J tau', fo.
^ 'ta, ^ .t'sung, /rowt. ^ .ym,from; by.
^ t'i', 071 behalf of. f^ tai^, /or.
^ tsai', at; to be at.
|wj hiang', towards] to.
^^ ,ken, -with (us a con' unction such as and).
* 65
@ jtangj before^ as in ^^MM ,tang'woruien^t^sien,
llj tui-, totvards, in cor^^espondence loitk. [befoi^e my face, "
"^ wei', /or; tTi account of,
^ 'keij^br; ^o t/iVe to. Bead chi^, ^o ^zve.
P3 ,yin, as ^ J^ jyin wei^ because of
6, Postpositions,
^ 'li, ^7^, as in^ Pi ?M -J's* -i^cn 'li, ^7l the magistrate's
*g§f .t^sien, before^ ^ p 'ken .t^sien. [^^*<^e.
Pfl jchiing, ^7^, as in p^ l^' *^^^' ;Chung, amoiig them,
^ heu^^ behind, f^ '^ -^^^ lieii^, behind the door.
Jl shang^j t^pow, as :^ Jl ^shen shang^, 07i #7«e person,
Y^ liia^, under, as-^ ^ 'sheu hia^, under the hand.
^\ wai^, outside, as in P | ^p .men wai^, outside the door,
y P9 nei^, inside, as inj(j) ^ ,sin nei*,,«7i the heart,
7. Fragmentary Clauses at the end of Sentences,
^ -^ tsieu^ .wan, a^icZ that zvill he snfficie^it,
1M ^ pien^ pa^, f/^e^i Ze^ it he so,-
^ itf .t^sai 'hail, it is then all ivell,
1^ 7?B ja 't^sai jchi taii^, a;ic? ^/^c^i you toill know.
J(^ ;WC P^^^' .c%eng, an inten-ogative of remonstrance.
Wt ^ tsieu^ pa^, then let it be so.
8. Conjunctions,
^ tanS -tS ^ tan' shr, &im^.
"f"^ ^ BmJ -^^li .hien .ni, if he is at leisure.
^ i^ S?f ifc -H^ li^ -li^ii jshwoli liwa' 'ye puli' -neng, he
could not even speak,
^f^^/^^^ P^^^ '^'^^ j^^^ j^^ Y^^^' y^^y ^^^^^ ^"^
men are numerous,
'^j -^ J^k ^ IW '^^^^ P^^^^ 'P^ .t'simg .t'sien, yet it is not to
he comp>ared with the j^ast,
J5 ^ — ' ^ jkeng 'yell yih' 'chung, fZtere is cdso ^iiother sort.
iSi M ^ *I^ "tfe :S >ft T :S"i -y^^ -^g^ii 'hwei 'ye slii' .chi
'liau, although you should repent, yet it is too late,
i^ P^ '^ 0C 5^^^^ ^'^^^ ^^' 5^*^^^3 *^^'* eating and drinking.
66 * •
^ ;^ 1^ >fC -^ ^ joh^ shi^ tsai' puh^ 'k'en ,tih, if again
OT :fe tsieu^ shi% tvtn if\ but even, [you are not willing,
^ ® put' .tuh, not only ^ .lien, hut aho
jl| — ' l5fc "feS^ -^ 111 3^5 wan^ yih^ tsieu^ tso' puh^ ,c4iuh
.lai, even if he can in no case do it,
— ® ^ "^ M ^ yih^ mien^ 'tseu yih^ mien^ 'eiau, lie both
walked and smiled, or he walked on smiling,
shi^ t'eli' .lai jtih, lohether you are passing, or have come.
on purpose,
^^RTMTIRJ^^ r^l^' .clii 'k^o jning^ 'liau 'fan'
mull 'yen, / do not knoiv whether they have dined or not if
^ ^ -H^ S)tning 'si pull' 'kan, rather die than dare do it.
5^ -[^ 4Bl ^ .c^hieu 'ye .wu .yih, entreating is also of no use.
^ # j^ ill' — # 3^ te f" yib' 'hwei .ri- ,k'ai ,choh
yih* 'hwei .ri ,kwan ,choh,/o>' a moment he opened it and
then in a mornent he closed it,
^ ,hwau, .han or .hai, and^ ^ — ' ^ .hai'yeu ,yili yang*,
and there is another thing,
^ J3- ping' 't'sie, and further,
^ J3. shang^ 't'sie, and if further.
ife 1^ ife *^ 'ye jshen 'ye jt^sing, both deep and clear.
^ 'tau, but, -tfc 'ye> *^^, andii |c 3^ ^ ^ ^^shwoh
yau' .lai 'tau puh' .lai, he said he ivould come hut did not,
^ 'ye, but, and f3^ •i' -tfc Jl i6^ 'ni c^hii' 'ye ,keng 'hau,
hut it would be better for yotc to go.
IS lit ?yi» ^'sf, ^ J^ 'so 'i, therefore.
B9 ^ ^yi^^ "^^h because,^ j^ J^ wei' ,tih shi', because.
^ ^ chiau' ,t/a, ^ jljl yau^ ,t^a, in order that he, or so
that he —
^ tl^ 'k'ung p'aS lest,
^ ^ 't'ang hohS if,j^ ^ 't'ang shF, {/•.
1^ ^ ^^^' ^^^^ t/^ ^^ ^^ oZreacfy so.
9. Names of Imported articles. Wax, etc.
^ Hit J^^' *U^^ ^*^S Japan loax.
^ - 67
t
f-^ yft jSU .hoh .yeu, ^tqrax.
jSiau, saltpetre.
^ Jit -hwang lah^, yellow bees' ivax,
^^ ^ .lieu .hwang, sulphur.
10. Imports^ Ince^ise, Pepper f etc,
^ M\ ^ j^g^*^ jSih ;liiaiig, g2i7n benjamin,
^ Mi Vft y^S^^^ jSih ,yeu, oi7 o/* gtirr^ benjamin,
3^ ^ .t^an ,liiang, sandal-tcood,
6 ffii wl .paih .hu jtsiau, ivhUe pepper,
^ 1^9 W^ jheih .hu ^tsiau, blaak pepper.
J52 ^ .c'heu ,hiang, garroo-ioood.
1^ ^ chiang^ jliiaug, lakTcd-wood, ^
1 1 . Imported Medic hies,
^ ^ ?«go .wei, assafoetida,
Jt ^^ Jt shang' ,ping p4en^, c?ea» baroos camphor,
HP* ^ >fr ^^^^ jP^^S p^ien^, re/wse baroos camphor,
"J" ^ jting ,hiang, cloves.
-^ "J" ^ 'mu jting jhiang, mother cloves,
^ ^^^ J^^^ *^' >^6^^ .hwang, Indian cow bezoar,
J^ ^ .ri..c^haj cutch.
te IflJ § -jpiPg -Ift^g 'i^*^) betel-nvit cake,
7^ IBJ jpi^g -l^^gj hetel-nut
5^ S ^ '^^^ .kwoh shen^ or 05 ^ ,«i shen', American
ginseng,
^W" W^^ ^'chien tsing^ shen^ ,su shen^, the ginseng root
denuded of its hairy appendage.
^ ^ .ju jhiang, oUbanwn^ gum resin^ or frankincense.
^ ^ moh^ yatili'j .myrrh,
S ^ ^ 'teu k^eu^ ,hwa, nutmeg flower's,
^ ^ ^^^ 'k^<> or 1^ § ^ j^^l^' '^^^ k'eu% nutmegs.
S !^ ^ .paih 'teu k'eu^, rose malloiBS,
' ^ ^ muh^ jtiang, putchuck,
^ ^ ,81 'chiau, rhinoceros horns.
OS
7^ ^ 'shui .yiu, quicksilver.
^ ^ -yaiig yauh^, opium,
^ flSU 5?C ,ping .lang ,i, husks ofheteUnut.
1^ >|^ juh^ kwei', cinnamon:
^ *3* 'hu ,kn, tiger's hones,
J^ '^ luh* 'chiau, deer horns,
J^ i^ 'hiueh .chieh, dragon's blood gum.
;A HL iF* ta' ,feng 'tsi, lucraban seed.
12. Imported 3Itscellaneous articles.
^ ^ 'hwo .8liih,/m^5.
§# ^ T^in 'inii 'c^hiau, mo^/^er of pearl shell.
^ ^ :tfl -t'ung 'niqu k'ou*, brass buttons.
W- w ?c^^i c4ii^, lacriuered ware.
^ 'MW. '^^ jsung .shcng, Manila cordage.
^ san^j umbrellas,
^ ^ ,liiang .c'hsii, /ragra?it tuood.
^hm M: wai' .kwoh .mei, foreign coal.
TC ^ 'liwo .jung, ^eVirfer.
13. Imported Marine productiojis,
-t 1^ ?^ shang^ yeu' ,wo, birds' nests, 1st quality.
$ ^ ® '^^^"S yen' ,wo, ftiVrf«' 7465^^5, 2nd quaiUy.
V'^'M l^ia' yen' ,wo, birds' nests,' 3rd quality.
M J[^ ^ ;lieih 'hai shen*, black bicho-de-mar.
B )@ ^ .paih 'hai shen', tvhite bicho-de-mar,
Is M .paih .yti c'lii', tvhite sharks' fins,
MM^ jheih .yii c'hi', black sharks' Jiris,,
% "^ ,kan .yti, or^ ^ .c'hai .yii, stockfish,
^ Jix .yu W,fish maios,
WL m. 'l^ien .yu, salt fish,
W^ & -yii .p'i,/s/i skins,
W :^ 'hai tW, a<7ar agar; an edible fungus,
^MW\ -nieu luh' ,chin, buffalo and deer sinews.
Sr 7f^ ,hia 'mi, dried praivns.
69
y^ ^ tan^ t^sai^j dried mussds.
Jk ^ isL jsha .yii .pu, 6'Aari .s7»;m6?. -
14, hnported Dyeing and Colouring materialsj
v3^ Pw ?N ?y^ -1^11 '^h cochineaL
/C ^ ta' jt^sing, garnlner; a mineral green.
^ '^ jSU muh^5 sapan-ivood.
^ TH 'tsT jk^eng, sticlclac; a vegetable medicine,
TS^ ^C 'shui tian^, liquid indigo,
m. ^ -y^i jCliiau, isinglass,
i^ W- -P'i jchiau, </Zi^e.
^ ^ ,t'eng .hwang, gamboge.
V^ )3L 'k^au .pM, mangrove bark.
\^ ^ ?r1^^ -^'^"g? rattans,
15. Iinj>orted Wood,
• S A^ 4ila cliung' muli^ .wei, masts and spars; hard wood.
^^n^\^ jC^hing muh^ .wei, masts and spars; soft wood.
R A^ %c chung^ muh^ .liang, beams; hard loood.
S A^ ^ cliung^ muh^ 'pan, planks; hard taood.
^ A^ WL ,c^hing mxih^ 'pan, planks; soft tvood.
Wi^^^ -11^9, lih^ shu^ 'pan, teak planks.
^X A^ .hung muh^, red-ivood,
^ /m .mau shi^, camagon wood, or rough persimmon.
^ l|^ /^ /t^ ^ya .Ian chi^ muh^, kranjee tvood-
16. Imported l^ime pieces Telescopes etc.
eF Ri^ ^ ^si^ .ming ,chung, clocks.
fl$ J^ ^ -slii .c'hen 'piau, ivatches.
^ 3^ H^ M ^jchu ,pien .shi* .c'hen 'piau, taatches, emaiUis
a perles.
"T" S ^ ,t^sien 'li cliing^, telescope.
^ W^lM.^ ,shwAng 'yen ,t'sien 'li ching^, opera glass.
iih ^ kwa^ ching^, hanging mirror.
^ ^ ^ jC^liwen ,i ching', dressing glass.
70
J\ •§" ^ ,pah ,yiii .c^hin, musical box.
17. Imported Cotton Goods.
M? /E ^ 'ES P^^^ 'p^it ,hwa man^, cotton and piece goods,
printed and plain.
^ ^ .mien* ,hwa, cotton,
i^ E flU .yuen 'saih pu', grey shirtings,
S G flJ .paih 'saih pu', white shirtings.
^ % tfj 'Wu ,hwa pu', plain stuffs.
j^ l>C ^ .sie .wen pu^, twilled stuffs.
'W ^^"ffi 'y®^ ^^"^^ '^^^'^ -pxx', figured coloured cottons. ,
IR^ -?£ ^ 'flj -wu ,hwa 'saih pu^, ^Zam coloured cottons,
^ 'flj jhwa ]pn% fancy cottons,
S W 'llJ -pail^ -t'i puS t^/ii^e brocades.
Q IPj^ -f^ .paih 'tien pu', w/uYe spotted shirtings.
^ ^"fH yin^ ,hwa pu^, printed cottons.
^ ^ TO chia^ ,8ha pu', cambric. ^
7^ ^ -yfl-ng jfita, muslin. «
j^ TO twan' puS damash.
W^ "jpR TO -liG^ .t4au pu^, dimities.
^ E ^ TO^oh* 'saih .mau pu^, ginghams, different coloured.
Wi^ i^l W. 'flj -i^^ .mien .fan pu^, cotton and canvas duck.
;^ .mien ,sien^, cotton thread.
^ .mien ,sha, cotton yarn,
"ffj Bi^ .ma. ipvL^yJine linen.
iSL ji# TO j^^s^ •i^*'' P^S coarselinen.
|BJ /^ .hwei .j ung,/w6^f tan5.
^ ^ 'yti puS bunting. . .
18. Imported Silk articles.
'sheu .p'a, handkerchiefs.
i jchen jChin »ien^, yoZcf thread, real.
^ 'chia jchin sien^, gold thread, imitated.
^ ^ ^ jChin .yin sien^ silver threqkd, real.
1S. ^ W^ 'chia .yin sien^, ^ifoer thread, imitated.
^ ,to .lo .ni, broad clgth; Spanish stripes.
71
^ W P^^ }^^h ^^^2 ^^^*-
i^ M ^ Wi '^^ '^^^ 'y^ twan', Dutch camlets.
^ S ^ ^ .ying .'kwoh 'yti jsha, English camlets.
^ iPI 'yu .c^heu, ftomftcwse^^e*.
/J> ^ 'siauT .ni, cassimeres.
^*^ .jung sien^, looollen yarti,
Pfi IS 'C^hwang ,clian, blankets.
?E ^ ^ jl^wa 'tsien .jung, velveteens.
^dV}.UiigA?as^mgr.
'<l'^ ^ ^ 'siau ;'yu .ling, imitation lasting, and Orleans
lasting, \ - ,
• "pif ^ 'tsien .jung, velvet
' , I 19. Imported Metals,
» • . *
g£ ^ ,sheng .t'ung, unmanufactured copper.
Wi ^' -sheu it^ung, manufactured copper.
Hr^ ^ ,sheng 't^ieh, unmanufactured iron.
]w ^ •fiteu 't^ieh, manufactured iron.
^ :^ jC'hien k^wai^, lead in pigs. %
^,kang,*5^ceZ.'
^ ,8ih, fm.
i^ P ^ 'ma '1^'eu H'ieU, tin, plates.
Q ^ ^ ji'h^ 'pen .t^ung, Japan copper.
^ Jt^ jC^hien p*ien^, ?eac? m slieets.
S '^ »paili jO^hien, spelter^
^ ^ ^ .hwang .t^ung ,ting, brass nails.
]^ )l& M ^ ^ ,8hang .c'hwen .yah tsai^ 't'ieh, kentledge.
^ 7^ 't^eh ,si, troTi t(;/re.
20. Imported PreciQUs Sto7ies, etc,
^ ^ .ma 'naUj cornelians,
^ J^ ^ ma 'nau ,chu, cornelian beads.
^ TO tai^ mai^, tortoise shell.
flfic ^ ^ tai' mai' sui^, broken \ortoise shell
Sc 5b Jt ??<> li p'ien^, window glass.
3^ ^ ,8han .hu, coral
. ' 72
21. Imported Auhnal Products.
rns.
^ "^ .iiieu 'chiau, buffalo hon
^ 4^ i^ jslieng .nieu .p^i, raio buffalo hides.
.^ 4^ J^ -sheu .nieu .p4, 'ta7i7ied buffalo hides.
"i^M,)^ 'hai .lung .p^i, sea-otter ^Icin.
~h%M. i^ ta^ .hu .li .p'i, large fox sJcins.
^h M^M^ 'siau .hu .li .p^i, small fox skins.
^ ijc 'h^i -V% ih<^r skins.
W^ J^ pau^ 'V% leopard skins,
fo i^ j^^a^ *V% 'inarten skin.
#1 i^ t^ah^ .jri, land-otter skin.
f^ f^ >^ .lauh jliwan .p'i, racoon skin.
M M i^ 'hai lo^ .p^i, beaver skin.
JK Mi )^ ;hwei 'shu .p'i, squirrel skin.
^ Mi ^ -yi^ ^shu .p'i, ermine skin.
y$ *^ ^ 'hai 'ma .ya, sea-horse teeth.
^ ^ ^ 'clieng siang' .ya, lohole elephants' teeth.
^^^ sui^ siang^ .ya, broken elephants' teeth.
^ Jj^ t^u^ .p'i', //are skins.
^ JjC c^hi^ .1)4, doe skin.
J^ JX j^*^^ -V'h rhinoceros skin.
:^ ^ t^sui' .niau, king-fif^her feathers.
?L ^ -^ 'k^ung 't'sioh .man, peacock feathers.
22. Exported Oils, Wax, etc.
H «^ .paih .fan, a/^^y?^.
W ^^ jt^sing .fiin, (/ree^i a?20?i or copperas.
/\ '^ y^ jpali 'cliiau .yeu, anniseed oil.
4^ BL yft kwei' .p4 .yen, cassia oil.
iW W yft P^h^ .lio .yen, peppermint oil
•^ ytti .nieu .yeu, butter.
^ ^ Vft jchi .ma .yeu, sesamum oil.
ti^ yft .tnmg .yeu, OiY o/^Ae dryandra tree,
]@L Vtt 'tcu .yeu, bean oil.
/o
^ yft c'liieu^ .yeu, vegetable taUoio,
>f§ yft .mien .yeu, cotton-seed oil.
^ J5^ yft pi^ .ma .yeu, oiZ o/palina-christi.
S IS- -paih lah^, bees' ivax,
^ ^ .c^ha yeli^, tea,
/\^ ,pah 'chiau, star anniseed.
^ ^ shoh^ jhiang, wt^s/j.
/V '^ *^ jpah 'chiau ,cha, broken anniseed.
H$ j^ ^ .shi* .c^ien ,hiang, incense-sticks.
23. Ex^oorted 3Iedicines.
n^ ^ jSan nai^, capoor cutchery.
4^ JJ0 ,chang 'nau, camphor,
j§ -5 sin^ .sliili, arsenic.
7^ ^ kwei^ .p4, cassia lignea.
7^ -J^ kwei^ 'tsi', cassia buds.
dt vv ^ '^^^ -"f^li -lii^o? c/izwa root (used ' for making
biscuits).
^ ^ .c^heng .c'hie, cubebs.
^ ^ .liang jchiang, galangaL
^ ^ .sliih .liwang, j/eHo^t; ?ead (massicot).
T^C ^ *^* .hwang, rhubarb.
^ ^ jCliiang .liwang, turmej^ic.
-t ^ ^ JH ^ shang^ 'teng ,kau .li shen, &es^ Corean gin-
seng.
P ^ ^ JS ^ ^^^^' 't<^'^g j^^^^ -li shen, inferior Corean
ginseng,
JL^ ^^ sliang^ 'teng j'ih^ 'pen slien, best Japa7iese
ginseng. • [ ginseng.
"7^ ^ ^ ^ hia' 'teng ji'li' 'pen shen, inferior Japanese
TO ^ >^ ^ jkwan jtung .jen shen, Ifanchurian ginseng,
^ J^ ^ nen^ luh^ -ji^ng, young deer horns.
^ JQ^ ^ '^^^ 1^^^ -j^^^gj ^^^ ^^^^ ^^orns.
^ S "^ W j^'^^^^^o .kwoh .nieu .hwang, Chinese coiv bezoar,
^ ifi jP^^ .mau, caniharides,
"f^ i^ jkwei ,chi, cassia twigs,
^ jj^ .c'hen .p'i, omngre peel, ^ j^ .elm .p4.
74
Jt ^ >i*ft i^ shang' 'teng yen* .]}% superior pumelo peel,
(#j£.chu.p4.)
"JJ ^ ;j;^ J^ hicV 'teng yen* .]}% inferior pumelo peel,
^ ^ ^ poli^ .ho yeliS peppermint leaf.
"tf ^ jkan 't^sau, liquorice.
^ ^ .shih jkau, ground gypsum; plaster of Paris,
j£ ;^ -^ 'wu pei' 'tsi, nut-galls,
^ ^ ,feng mih^, hone7j,
24. Exported Miscellaneous Articles.
^\^^ liau' 'sheu .chuh, bangles or jfZass armlets.
YS ^ .chuh c'hi'j bamboo tvare.
ii^ ^ ^ 'chia jShan ,h\\, false coral
^"Yt pan^ ,clmh, fre-ivorlcs (formerly made of bamboo.)
M M 'yu ^hvin% feather fans,
^ ^ liau' c^iiS native glass ware.
3^^ 3^ liau^ ,chu, native glass beads,
PH ^ 'yti san^ umbrellas.
W^ -^ -y^^^ .sh'ihj marble slabs,
^M^ ,t'ung 'cli'i hwa^, rice paper pictures, (pith paper,)
(^ ^ ,t'ung H^sau.)
?^ ^' 'chi* shan^5 paper fans, 1
^ ^ ^ 'chia ,chen ,chu,/a?5e pearls. ,
■^ ^ 'ku wan*, antiques; curiosities; "gf S 'ku 'tung. |
^ ^ ^ si^ .k^vei shan^ trimmed palm leaf fans, .
Wl^M -^'su .k'wei shan', untrimmed palm leaf fans. I
i|^ Ife % loh' t'o .man, cameVs hair. \
;^ ^ % .mien .yang .man, wool. ^ i
jil :^ % jshan .yang .mau, goafs hair. ]
^ ^ ,chan mi', felt cuttings, or sui' ,chan.
IK ^ 'chi ,hwa, paper floioers,
db ili^ '^^^ -^^^^J Chinese coal.
25. Exported Colours, Paper, etc.
^ ^* .t^ung .poh, brass foil.
^ )^ .hu6g ,tan, red lead (minium).
^ ^ ,sih .poh, ^m/oi7.
4i)
^ ^C .yin jChUj vermilion,
Vft ^ ^ .yeu jt^sih hwa^, oil paintings,
-^ 5^ jC-hien 'fen, white lead (ceruse).
^ ^ .liwang ^tan, yellow lead (massicot).
y^ ^ jCliu jsha, cinnabar,
JL ^ ^ shang' 'teng 'chi, superior paper.
^ ^ >^ t^si^ 'teng 'chi, inferior paper.
yft W .y®^ 'c^*; oiled paper,
^ moh^, Indian ink.
^ jt^sih, paint,
>j^ jtsung, cozV, the thready Lark of the tsung or coir tree.
J^ .ma, hemp,
J^ ^ jteng 't^sau, lamp wicks,
^ IP W jcliiau, green dye,
m y^ ^ 'kwang jtung soh^, Canton twine hemiy.
m^ /H ^ 5^^ ,cheu soh', Sucheu ttoine hemp,
^ /^ jt^sih Iti^, green paint.
^ ^ li' c'hiau^, oyster «AeZ^s.
^ Jj^ Iti^ .p4, grr6e7j leather.
db ^ 't^u tien', c?ry indigo.
^J\i ix jk^eng ,sha, manure cakes or poudrette.
26. Various Exported Ware.
T^ R* ^ -i^ieu ,ku c'hi^, buffalo ho7ie taare,
^ ^Wr -^i®^ 'chiau c^hi', buffalo horn toare,
w3 ^ ^ si^ .t^si c'hi^,/7ie china zvare,
Tffi ^ ^ jt^su .t'si c^hi^, coarse china ware.
Wi Wr -paih .t'ung c^hi^, pewter tuare.
y^ ^ ^ .hung .t^ung c'hi^, copper ivare,
^ ^ muh' c^hi^, ivood loare.
W^ >f ^ siang^ .ya c^hi', it;or2/ ware,
1^ ;§^ jC^hih c*hi', loicquered zvare,
^ -^ ^ ^ .ytin 'mu c^hiau' c*hi^, mother of pearl ware.
^ ^ .t^eng c'hi^, rattan toare.
7t>
.t'an jliiang c^hi^, sandaUtvood ware.
Wl ^ ?^^^^ c^hi^, gold ware.
^^ yiii c'hi^, silver ware.
3^ Jr ^ ^^^^ ^^i^ ^^hi^, tortoise-sUell ware.
JjC ^ -P^i jSiang, leather trunks.
JjC W -P^^ l^^^gS leather boxes for holding silver.
i^ ^ -P^i ^^^iS l^oiher articles.
w ^ -y^^ ho^, eQLrthen ware pottery.
W ^ w -twang .t^ung c'lii"', brass ware.
^ ^ ^0 .t^ung .nieu k^eu', brass buttons.
^ yf^ .t^ung ,si. brass ivire.
^^ ^ jShcDg .t^ung, copper ore.
^^ rir cliieu^ .t'ung p^ien^, old sheathing copper.
27. Exported Wood.
"YS ^ .chuh jkan, bamboo poles.
1^ 0^ ,t^eng jeu^j s/^^z^ rattans.
^ ^ j|*S ^ jChwang .liang .t^o cliu^,pi7e5, beams, cross-
beams and pillars*
^ ^ "F* -t^eng .jang 'tsi, rattans stripped of baric. '
28. Exported Clothing.
*
flJ -iX flR pu' ,i .fuh, cotton clothing.
j|^ ^ ^^ .c^heu ji ,fuh, silk clothing.
>Bc $[li IS $ili -P'l jhiue twan' ^hiue, leather and satin boots.
*J^ ^ IS ^ -P^i -lii® twan^ .hiai, leather and satin shoes.
J^ ^ 't'sau .hie, straw shoes.
wM 1^§ .c'heu mau^, silk caps.
i^ »pg[ ,chan lasM^y/elt caps.
■^ >jig ^ 't^sau mau' ?pien, «^raz(; hat braid.
29. Native Linen and Cotton Manufactures.
^ S h3 si^ hia^ pu^,^/27ie grrass cloth.
Tffl, ^ 'flj jt^su hia^ pu^, coarse grass cloth.
db ^ 'tHi pu^5 native cotton cloth.
'g jl^ 15? chieii^ .mien sii^, old cotton rags.
^ .mien p^i^ ^t^ai, palampore or cotton led quilts.
30. Exported Silk Manufactures.
>f5 ^ .mien jhwa, raio cotton,
y^ 7^ .liu ,81*5 Hu'cheu silk.
db ^ 't^u jSi*; 5i7& produced in the neiglibourliood.
^ ^M jSi jChing, throion silk.
Wt &i 7^ 'y^ .t^san ,81, wild raw silL
^ ^ ,81 tai', 5z7Aj ribbons.
m >rf ^ ^ -1^^ y^^^ kwei^ tai', Si7/^ sashes with cassia
floioer pattern.
'^ W^ jSi sien^, silk thread.
Jl^ .c'heu, po7igees.
^ twan', satin.
^H chiuen', lutestring.
^ ^ cheu^ ,8ha, crape.
^ .liijg, damask silk.
^ .lo, ?at^, a iiW of silk striped across with flowers.
5^ ;^ Hsien .jung, velvet.
1^ M ^^®^^ ^^S embroidered goods.
^ ^ ^ ^ ,81 .mien .tsah ho^, silk and cotton mixtures.
J^ )l\ ^ ^ 81^ ,c^liiien .hwang ,8i, Sze-chuen yelloio silk.
|5[ 5?7 ^ .t'ung ,kung ,8i, Silk reeled from dupions.
m ^. ^ jpl jShan ,tung 'chieu .c'heu, Shan-tung silk piece
goods. • . .
/^ W^ 'w^i sien^, tassels.
^m^ ^^^^ 'sheng .^xxng, floss from various provinces.
^ ^ ^ 'kwang ,tung,.jung, Canton floss,
jS ^ .t^san 'chieH, cocoons.
' SL ^ IS Iwan^ ,si -t^eu, refuse silk.
^^^f^^ koh^ y^ng^ .sih Hsi, matting,
ijjj jj^ ti' .sih,' 7na^5. ■
)X, ^ T?! 't^an, s4m rugs. • •
^ J^ ,chan 't^an, druggets and carpets.
7«
31. Exported Articles of Food, etc.
^ ^^M: ^ib^ chien^ .t'ang 'kwo, com/Its and siveatmeats,
^ yft tsiang^ .yen, soy.
S ^ .pailiv.t^ang, white sugar,
^ ^ jC^hih .t^ang, hroivn sugar,
^K ^§ ?pi^^g -"t^ang, sugaju:;andy.
^ j|!@ .hwang jVen, tobacco,
^ ij^ .pih ,yeii, S7i^(^.
>f0 ^ jj^^ 5SI5 prepared tobacco in threads,
ij^ ^ ,yen yeh^, tobacco in leaf,
^ B R- jl© jchung .kwoh .pih ^yen, Chinese snuff,
'j^ SS ^ ta^ .t^eu t^sai', salted turnips.
^ ^^ 'fen ,si, vermicelli ( 'fen ,ser).
VM 'chieu, samshoo.
y$ ^ 'hai t^sai'; seaioeed,
^ IM 'two jt^ui, Aaws.
^ ^ ^ -lii^^ jCl^^ ^a^S salted fowl eggs,
^ ^ pien/ tan^, preserved duck eggs (also ^ ^ ).
^^ ^ 'Ian .jen, olive seed ('Ian .jer).
WL I^ 'kan 'Ian, olives.
^ ^ hing^ ..jen, apricot seeds or almonds,
^ ^ jhiang hin^, 7mishrooms.
^ '^f ^ jchin jchen t'sai^, cZWedl lilij floioers.
"^ D^ muh^ .ri, td;oocZ ear,
.^ HI kwei^ .yuen, lung ngan, a fruit.
^ IH 1^ kwei^ .yuen jeuh', lung ngan, without the stone,
^ i^ li' jChi, lichee, a fruit,
^ -y^ .lien 'ts'i, ?o^i^5 nz^^s.
fj^ ,chi .ma, sesamum seed.
^)^ ^ loli^ ,liwa ,sheng, or ;^ ^ :|^ .c'hang ,sheng
'kwo, ground-nuts,
^^^ ,hwa jSheng 'ping, ground-nut calce.
^ teu^, beans ; ^ ^ ,heih ten', blade beans,
§ 'f^ ten' 'pi'^g? ^^^^ cake,
;5j^ ^ ^ 3(g 'mi maih^ .tsali .liang, rice, tvheat and other
cereals.
79
g9f* SR swaii^ .t^eu, onions.
^ -y* lih' 'tsi, chestnuts.
§^ ^ jheih 'tsau, black dates,
^X ^ .hung 'tsau, red dates.
32. Comtnon Utensils.
^ >^ t^sai^ ,tau, chopping hnife.
pi >[jCi^i6n^ ctang', pa^te roller, or 'kan mien^ kwun^, stick for
. S* ^ .t^au 'sau or .t^aii 'shu, straiv brush. [kneading,
f -y* Han 'ts'i, JrwsA matfe o/ (,clii .mm) foiol feathers.
^'J "?* jshwah 'tsi, brush of pig bristles (,chu .man) or goafs
hair (,shan .yang .man). [a pan.
5^ ,kwo, iron cooking pan; jkwo 'ping, bread cakes baked in
j^ 4J f^Ji^ .shau, rice spoon; 'ta jkwo 'li .yau ,c^huh fan^ .lai,
take rice out of the pan,
gH "^ 't^san 'tsi^ tVow ladle; H^ieh tso^ ,tih, macZe of iron.
^ -y* .tieh 'tsi,^7aie; ,yih p^eng' tsieu^ p^o^, ivith one blow
^ 'wan, cup; basin] fan' Van, rice botul. [it is broken.
^ -jT* 'fu 'tsi, axe or hatchet; ,p^ili .c'hai, ^o c/^op ?£;ooc?.
PJ ^ mien' 'pan, kneading board.
iK *^ 'hwo .lu, stove; ,sheng 'hwo .lu, light the stove.
^ .t-sui, mallet; .tsa ,tung ,si ,tih,/or beating things.
^ -y* ,ting 'tsi, nails; .lang .t'eu, hammer.
^chii', said?; chii' muh' .t^eu yung' ,tih, used for sawing'toood,
^ "J^ .p^en 'tsi, dish; basin; 'k^o 'i 'si 'lien,/or washing the
face.
^ "^ .p^ing 'tsi, bottle; Jar; .c'heng .yen, to contain oil.
Wi^S -^^^^ kwei', kitchen cupboard) .c'heng .tieh 'tsi* 'wan,
to put away plates a7id basins. •
'^ ^ 'sh^i '^^} kettle; ,shau ,k'ai 'shui, to boil water.
TJC ^ 'shui ,shan, bucket; ,t'iaii 'shui, ^o carry water.
^ ^ 'li san', umbrella; 'tang'uyung' ,tih, used to ivard ofi
^ ^ .c'ha .hu, tea-pot. ^ -^ ,c'ha 'M^fork. \rain.
^ fe'E 'C^ha 'wan, ^ea-cwp. ^ ^ .t4au ,kcng, spoon.
33. Vegetables.
Q ^ .paih t'sai^j cabbage.
80
•
4r ^ jsheng t^sai^ lettuce,
'chieu t'sai', scallions.
,po t^sai^, tointer coarse greens.
.c'hin t^sai', parsley.
.yuen ,sui, caraxoaij.
.lo peih^, turnips] .hung .lo peih^, radishes.
^^ jt^sung onions; ,t^sung .t^eii, onions bulbs. [sant odour,
3555 swan^, garlic; ^ i^ ^ ^ c^hi^ wei' puH^ 'hau, unplea-
\\ \ ^ jslian yauli^, Chinese yam; ,shan .yau .t'eu, English
^ '^ teu' 'chiauh, bean pods. [potatoes.
^ ^ jhiang jC^hun, edible leaves of the yC^hun tree.
^ ^ 'k^u t'sai^, soiv thistle.
^ ^ -P^^ t'sai^, spinach; t^sui^, c?'i5p.
^ 'ngeu, Zo^2^5 roo^s; ^ ^ .ho ,hwa, ?o^w5.
^ S ^ .hwang teu' .ya, yelloio bean sprouts.
^ !S ^ 1^^^ *^^' t^sai', (/reeyj bean sprouts.
® jER, jsi jkwa, t(;a^er melo^; .hu .lu, gourd.
I jK. .wang jkwa, or .hwang ,kwa, cucumber.
^ fSi jtung jkwa,!^ ;ttt ,wo ^kwa, pumpkin.
^ jUi .nan ^kwa, or .fan ,kwa,^a^ yelloio pumpkin.
34. Domestic Animals.
tjChi, /oi(;Z; ^ "r j^^^^ chiau', cock-crotv.
.man, ca^; ^ i!^ JH^ .na 'lau 'shu, catch mice.
^ 'keu, dog; ^ ^ k^an^ ,chia, watch the house.
^,chu,jpi>; t^^ WQi' ,chu, feed pigs.
^ 'ma, horse ;'^ i% pei' 'ma, saddle a horse,
^ .nieu, cotv; ^ j^ 5ching ti', plough the ground.
^.yang,5/ieep;jpC -¥* f^^ng^ .y^^o? ^^^ ^^^^ sAeep ^o (7?^a2;e.
.lu 'tsT, ass; ,c'hien c^hti' ting^ 'chang, ^a/^e him to be
shod.
W 'tsi, mtde; pa' ,t-a t^au'shang*^,pw^Aim in harness.
^% ,yah, tZi^ci; fli ^ ,yah tan^ duck eggs.
^ .ngo, i/oose;^ ^ .ngo .mau, groosc (ymY?^.
35. Birds.
^ "3^ y^ii' '*si, swallow or martin.
81
yZ ^ ,t4en .ngo, sivan.
^ ^ hwa' .mei, white-eyed thrush,
^ ^ 'y® jChi, common pheasant.
Mi M feng' .hwang, phoenix, - -
3^ i!jJ| ,paii jChieu, pigeon.
^ ^ jUgan jC^hun, g^wmZ
/V ^ 5pah ,ko, raven.
"^ ^ 'lau ,kwa (read ,ya), ringed raven.
J^ ,ying, hawk.
J§ 2^ jfei t^sui^, variegated king-fisher.
W ^ -P^^^ -^^^Sj singing lark.
^ ^ 'hi 'c^itieh^ magpie.
^ ^ 'k'ung 'c'hitieh, peacock.
^ -y* ,koh 'tB, rfove.
W fli 'ye jyat, c^ra/^e.
^ ^ jyuen ,yang, mandarin d^ck.
MM'^ jing, fish'haiok.
'fet |.% tu^ 5chiuen, goatsucker.
^ f^ ta^ yenS wild goose.
ik^'^^o,chi,tu$^key.
Yill ^ .sien .hauli, cra7ie.
^ ^ jChia 'c^hitieh, house sparrow.
^ ^ jsha jclii, grouse.
J^ i^ 'pien 'tsui, broad-billed; ^ 1^ ^tsien 'tsui, sAar^-
J^ :^S :^ ^ 'i ,pa 'lau x'hang, long tailed.
^^^ 'f^'jki c^hi*^ 'pang 'tsi ta^ its taings are large.
^ ^ ^ ^ 'chang puh^ ^fen lieu^ loeb-footed.
%L^^ .hung .poh .ri, red necked.
Wi -t shu' shangS on trees) iT ^'ta ,W0; make their nest.
36. Fishes. ,
-bk @ ^ 'pi muh' .ii, sole.
W 'M ySha .u, shark.
82
W: ^ jcliiii .tij yoldjish.
H M paih shan-j tohite eel
^ ^ .hwang shan', yellow eel.
® ^ 'chi .ti^ bream.
li #. 'li .ii, carp.
f|5 ^ -^^611 .ii, silurc.
^ ^ 'ti -u, 'fnackerel.
-JT ^ 1^ 'ta .u ^yfan^, fishing net.
^M^ tiau' .ti ,keu,/sA AooA:.
5c J^ ^ ^ jpo -li .ii jkangj ^?ass globe for goldfish.
-^ JK life jchin .ti .c^h'i, pond for goldfish.
^ ^ ,sien .u, fresh fish.
1^ #, .hien .ii, salt fish.
37. 6t7r^ Furjiiture^ etc.
H "T* -^^i '^si*, c^o^/i covering of a cart.
^^'f^ ?c'lie .lien 'tsi, car^ 6?iwcf.
^ ^ jC'he .lun, cart wheels.
W-Wij pC^he chang^ 'tsi*, sun awning in front.
$- ^ jC^lie 'wei, projecting wood behind a cart.
^ ^ "f^ jC'he .yuen 'tsi, if/ie shafts of a cart.
^ i\j) jkeu ,sin, 'the part that connects the cart with the
toheels.
$ $9 "?* jC^he jSiang 'tsi*, inside of a cart.
^ :gK Jung .t^eu, 7ior5e collar.
^ ^ k'wa* .yuen, to sit on the shaft.
^ ^ 'kan ,c^he, ^o drive a cart. .
1^ "T* fe ^ lo' 'tsi ;la ,c^he, mules draiu the cart.
^ ^-jk-ai ,c'he, to set a cart in motion.
^ ^ 1^"^* chia^ .yuen lo' Hs'i, the shaft mule.
^& © jpien t^au^, the side mule, or leading miUe. *
' w 1^ ■?* 'i^a pien^ Hsi, ^(;7i^p.
^ ^ t^au^ ^c'he, to harness a cart.
M wA .c*h.e .chcuh, «a:?e tree.
8:?
38. Words used in Building.
wJ ^ c^hi .t^siang, to build a wall.
;^ yS mo .ni^ to plaster ivith mud*
1^ yj .ma jtau, liemp,
Jj >P^,fang jchwen, square hrichs) 'lei jchwen, huild up bricks,
B j^ .paih jliwei, Zzme; jShwah, to br^usli, [cement,
pg j^ ^t^sing jhwei, iZi^e Zime; lime coloured to make a blue
V^ dt -iii 't^u, mud] 7nortar; tso^ shang^ ,ni, put on mortar.
}^ -^ 'c^han 't^sau, to mix straw, ^ [pavement).
^ 5^ .shih .t^eu, stone; va^n' .sh'ih .t^eu, place stones (as a
>|^ g^ mjL:!^ L-eii, wood; sliang^ Jiang, ^?ace beams,
^ 'wa, ^ifes; ,ngan shang^^ Va, j9W^ o?i tiles,
^t ,p^ij ?«^^e earth-bricks; 'lei jp^i, to pile rriud bricks.
^ "X* -wei 'tsij reeds) ,chiah .li ,pa,to make a hedge.
yft j^ -yeu jC^iili, pam^; shang' ,c^hih, to paint.'
^ ^ jchiehj twan^^ a partition,
39. Liquids.
\^ 'tsieu, wine; samshoo; ^chen 'tsieu, ji^owr out wine.
@a t^su^j vinegar; 'ta t^su^, &2*y vinegar,
yfl -7^^? ^^^? yib^ ,chin .yeu, a catty of oil,
g^ yft jtsiang .yen, so?/; ,koh shang' ,j&}Xjput some soy in it.
^ 3^ .nieu 'nai, coto's milk,
^ ^^Q .hwang 'tsieu, broivn samshooi made of coarse rice,
40. Clothing,
'fS "?* .p^au 'tsi, long robe loith waist-band,
^ ^ .mien 'ngau, wadded ^goton without ivaist-band.
^ )^ 'k^an jchien; ivaist-coat,
j|!| 1^ -^.mienk^u^'tsi,t(;arfc?ec;^roz(;5er5; t^aunv^u',%^2V.5r.9.
"^ ^ ta' kwa', ?o?i(7 summer robe,
i|§ ^ 'naa kwa^, jacket) ,c^hwen shang^, to put it on.
»|jg -^ mau^ 'tsi, cap; tai^ shang^, to put it on,
^ .hie, shoes; twan^ .hie, safm 5/?oes.
^^ ,hiue, 600^5; heii^ 'ti 'tsi', thick-soled,
^ ^ wah^ 'tsi, stof kings; ,tan wah' 'ts*u sirigle faced
fP.^ han^ ,shan, shirt. [stockings,
/J^ 4^ 'siau kwa^ half summer robe.
84
™ W^ ,yau tai^, girdle; toaist band.
^H "T* k'eu^ 'tsi, button; 'nieu 'tsi, butto7i.
H -^ 'ling 'tsi, collar.
41. Sickness.
^^V^ puh^ 'shwang k^wai^, «o^ m (^oac? spiiHts.
>f^ ^ M puh^ ,shu 'fuh, 7iot well.
fli ^ ^ 'nau tai' .t^eng, head'ache. •
^ 'j^ ,fah ,shau,/et;erM.
It ft -f^ ,fah yauh^ 'tsi, a^we.
)ii M >7* ^ tu*^ ,fuh puh' 'hau, stomach out of order.
-^ H^/chang jC^hwang, to have ulcers^
It -^ ,fah ,hwen, to faint.
^^^ jeuti^ .lieu 'tsi- we7i.
^ III jt^an ,feng, palsij.
S^ ^ ,liiah 'tsi*, blind man.
St BR ,fah 'yen, inflamed eyes.
^ ^ 'chieu ,c'hwang, to foment.
^^ M ,sin t4au', palpitation of the heart.
^ .hwang cheng^, yawTirfzce.
"VCiA^W jsiau hwa' puhMung^, indigestion,
^ P^ ^Ci> jfali ,ngau ,sin, tendency to vomit.
42. -Boa^ Furniture^ etc.
iS % i^ yiin' .Hang .c'hwen, grain junk.
^ ^ ,chan .c'hwen, war junk.
1^ ^ 'pai tu^, to ferry over.
^ ^ .yen .c'hwen, saZ^ 6oa^.
^ jt'sang, cairn; Ao?c?; hia' ,t^sang, jt)w^ rfo2^;yj m ^Ae ca6m.
M '^ ,t^sang 'pan, c?eci planks.
j|0f 4i^ jC^hwen .wei, mast.
M, fe jIt /eiig sin^ .c'hi, a streamer.
^ {^ .wei ,teng, mast lanthorn. ,
t4au' 'pan, shore plank.
^ ,tsiang ,chiun chu^, posts on which ropes are wound.
85
j^ to' rudder, }|J ^ pan to', steer to the right.
.wei, mast, ^ ^ t'ui to', steer to the left.
.wei ,ku, mast hoops.
JSl ^ y^^^S -hwan ri, ring for tackUiig.
tT .f^ 'ta hau', singing.
]^ ^ 'ting ,feng, contrary loind.
i^ i^ tsau' tsau^, to row.
tfe ^ 3^^ -P^^^g) raise the sail.
j|0f t^ .c'hwen 'kan, path on side of boat.
^ W ,t'sang ,i% hatch way stairs.
^ Jlflf 'kwan .c'hwen jVi, chief boat-man.
^ Jlflf neng' .c'hwen, to' work the boat.
^ Jlflf jt'seng ..c'hwen, the boat men.
^ /tSI fan' .sheng, towing rope.
g ll^ ,kwan ,t'sang,/ro7i^ cafitw.
y^ ^ 'hwo jt'sang, cooking cabin.
fr^ f1 ^ ^ -y^ H il ^ ^ 6^'ni ,men ,ti .c'hwen k'wai'
siang' yen' ,tsi si ,tij your boat is swift as a swallow.
1^ ^ ^ ® ^ 'liwo ,c'hi ,tu .shui .chau, the boat-men are
all asleep.
43. Furniture of a House.
-^ -^ ,choh 'tsi, table; ,fang ,choh, square table.
J^ ^ 'i 'tsi, chair; ,c'hiuen 'i, round arm-chair.
^Jt "^ wuh' 'tsi, stool; yiieh' Hang' jChoh, round table, [two.
^ 1^ 'pan ,teng, Zowgr 5^00?; bench; ri' .jen jteng, a stool for
jf*§ kwei', cupboard; 'ting ,siang kwei', cAes^ on ^7ie fop of a
cupboard.
^ "X* ,siang 'tsi, chest; .p'i ,8iang, leather trunk.
-fij^ /L pei' ,chi, a long table on which bedding is piled.
^ J\j .c'ha jchi, fea fa&?e.
^ ^ .t'iau ngan'j ZoTig^ high table; jShu ngan', faJZe for
^ ^ .p'en chia', basin sfand. [books,
^ ^jg^jShu chia', Jooi-case; ,koh ,shu , till, /or joZacfn^r 600^5.
j^ jf§ .c'hu kwei'j kitchen cupboard. [chest.
^ ^ .hing jRiang, baggage trunk. ^ i^ .c'ha ^siang, tea
8(5
^ PL jliwa .p^ing,/oic?€ryar. ^J^ ^ ,hwa .p-'en.^ofi'er joof.
j^ ^ ching^ jt^ai, mirror stand.
^ ^ mau^ ching^, looking glass.
w hwa^j ^2c^zf^e; tsai^ .t^siang shang^ kwa' jchoh, hung on
^ ^ tui^ 'tsi, hanging sentences in pairs. [ zraZZ.
* 'chiau .ta, footstool, or .ta 'chiau jteng, f/^e 5a?we.
jShu jSiang, boob box.
.tuh ,slm .p^an, a tray for pencils, inhstone, etc.
A^ )J^ >^ muh' ,kwa .p^an, a tray on luhich is placed afra-
^Ppl ^ mau^ chia', hat stand. [grant melon.
?^ JPL kwa' -P^ing, a hanging jar ; 'k^o 'i^c^ha ,hwar, /or
Wi ^ fan^ ^chohj dining table, ' [holding floivers.
^ .c^hwang, bedstead.
/^ jten^, lamp; kwa^^teng, hanging lanthorn.
44. Insects, Reptiles, etc.
^m ^ -^^^ ?^; ^^^/ 1^^' •P^*'^? crawling in disorder,
-^ ^ c'heu' .chilling, bug; Van .jen, ^/iey fei^e people.
^ i^ mih' jfej^g? li'Oney bee; mih^ jfeng ^wo, bee-hive.
^ ^ tuh' .ti, Joo/j worm; ,c4iih ,shu, ea^ books.
^ ^ .liu ,t4eh, butterfly (read .tie).
i^42^ .wu ,kungj centipede; 'yaii jen 'yeu .tuh, ^7^e?/ /mve a
Sffl ^ yeu' .yen, centipede with angular legs, [poisonous bite.
3S ^ .t^san 'ciiien, chrysalis of the silk worm.
^ .c4ian or jfiU jg^ ,chih .lieu, cicada or 6roacZ locust.
^ J^ ,sih shwai' or ilj^ M 'c^hii 'c^iti, cricket.
^ 3E i^ tsau' -Vang 'ma, hearth cricket.
i|£ 451 jC'hieu 'yin or $|| $^ 'c'hu §han/, earth worm, ,
'il' ;^ A .yung 'ho .c^hiuig,/re-/y.
^ -^ 'keu tsau',/ea; hwei' peng', they jump.
^ in ,t'sang ,ying, housefly.
^ ik^ .ma 'cha,_ ^ i^ .hwang .c4mng, migratory locust.
it ^ 't'u 'keu, mole cricket.
^ -y* .wen 'tsT, mosquito; .wen chang', mosquito neU
^ -^ ,hieh 'tsi., scorpion; .na 'i ,pa ,choh .jen, fZie?/ s^mg' witJi
^ .t'san. silk-ivorm ; 't'u .sY, produce silk. [their tails.
S5p 9^ ,ohu ,Qhn,Jitld sj)ider.
^Wt^ 'wu ^kuh .c^hung, iveevil, oom-eater.
Sr j^ .ha ,ma, toad.
Q ^ .paih .lier (.ling .ri) sand-fly.
45. Common verbs.
Abolish, ^G'^Lix',^ fei\
Accept, 4^ ^ ,6heu nah^
Add, J(ffl*,chia.
Affecf, ^ ^ ;kaii tung^
Amputate, ^j 'J^ .la hia^
Ascend, _|j shang^
Ask, 5flwen*^yau^,|^'t^sing
Avoid, ;%,'niien';j^ pi^
Baptize, ^11^ ,shi 'si. •
Bathe, ^y^'si'tsau.
Beat, ^ 'ta.
Beat clothes, ^ ,shwai.
Begin work,^ Xtung',kung.
Believe,^sin^,^^ |l^sin^fuh,
TO m ,siang sin^
Bend,'^ ,wan.
Besiege, gj g .wei k^wen^
Bind, ^ ^ 'k^wun 'pang.
Boil, ^ 'chu.
Bolt, :^ 'sirwan. I
Burn, j^ r^^ Vhau .hu.
Bury, ig ^ .mai tsahg^
Buy, ^ 'mai.
Calculate, ^ swan^
Call, tS Pf ,chav hu\
Call out, ^ .jang.
Can, fl .neng, ^ .teh.
Carry^if^ tai-, fe ,pau.
Gemply, -f^' ^ ,i .t^sung.
Condemn, ^ |p ting^ tsui^
Confess, ^, fp jen^ tsui^
Congratulate, % ^'kung 'hi.
Connect, ^ ^ ;tsieh su^.
Conquer, ^ .teh sheng^
Gough, ^D|^..k^oseu^
Cover, ^ jt;^ kai^ shang^
Covet, ^ ,t^an.
Crack, ^ ^ lieh^ ,k^ai.
Crush, ^ ^ yah^ hwai^
GtY, »4 chiauS P>^ han^
Cure, ;^ ^ chi^ 'hau. ['chiau.
Cut,
.la, with scizzors.
Decide, ^ ^ ting^kwei.
Delay, ^^ ,tan .koh.
Deliberate, ^ g^ ,chen ,choh.
Depend on, ^ ^ i^ lai^ ^
Descend, |l^ ^C ^ chiang^'
hia^ .lai.
Desire, ^ yuen^
Desist, it ft 'chi- chu^
Despair, |g ^ .tsiueh wang^
Destroy, gj ^ 'hwei hwai^
Detain, '^ ^ .lieu ,cho. •
Die, ^'^i.^jVtc'hii' shF.
Differ, ^ ;^ ^c^ha ,cho.
\t^ ' T rr~ jDiminish, ^ ^ 'chien ^shau.
Cease,^ jb^in|lh >fe'chichu^llJirect, :^ §& 'chi 'tien.
Choose, :j^ )J 'chien 'siuen. jDiselose, M^^ lu^' ,c-'huh
88
.lai (also leu').
Discuss, ^ ife pien' lun*
Disperse, "^ ^ san' ,k'ai
Disregard, J(> ^ .puh ku^
Feign, jg ^ 'chia tso^
Fight,^ ^ 'ta chia^
Finish, ^ yxl ^^^^ .wan.
Fix, ^ 1^ ting^ hia^
Dissolve, f§ >(fc,siau hwa^ ^'Flatter, ^ ^ feng' .c^heng
hwa^ Fling, ^ .jeng.
Distinguish, ^ ^ ,fen .ming. Flow, ^ Jiefu.
Disturb, ^ ^ 'chiau tung^
Divide, ^ ^ ,fen ,k'ai.
Divine, ^ [> ,chan puhS
Do, %. tso'.
Draw, :fe ,1a, |^ ,t'o.
Drive, ^ 'kan.
Dry, Bffi ^ shai' jkan.
Dwell, ^ chuS Jg ^ ,chu
chu'.
Eat, Pg ,c'hih.
Endure, ^> SBJ jen' nai^
Engrave, ^J ^ ,k'eh tsr.
Enjoy, ^ ^ 'hiang sheu^
Enquire, tl ^ 'ta ,t^ing.
Enter, ^ =^ tsin' c'hu^
Entice, ^| ^'yin'yeu.
Entrust, f£ -ff ,t*o f u^
Escort, ^ ^ hu' sung;.
Examine, ^ ^ 'k'au ,chieu.
Except,^ .c'hu,J^ ^Yi wai^
Exert yourself, ttj 3^ ,c*huh lih*.
Expand, -^ ^ ,shen ,k*wan.
Extinguish, ^ *^ mieh' mu^
Faint,:^: jll^ ^ ,hwun kwo
c^hti^ , .^^.
Fall, ^ 1^ ,tieh hiaS:^ 1^ Tie a knot,tr )^ ^'ta ,chieh
tiau* hia^
Fan, ^ jp Ha sban^
Fear, ^6 p'a^
Feed, V^ wei^
Fly, ^,fei.
Forbid, ^ it chin* 'ch'i.
Forget, JS .wang.
Freeze, ^ ^ tung' ,pihg.
Fulfil,^ fi^ .c'heng tsieu^
Gamble, ^ ^ Hu .t'sien.
Give,5tsungSj|^ 'chih ('kei).
Go, -^ c^hix^ ^ 'wang.
Grieve, ^ ^^ ,yeu men'.
Guard, ^Ifl tJ^ 'pa 'sheu.
Guess, ^ ,t'8ai.
Help, ifi ^ ,siang ,pang. ^
^ ,pang tsu'.
Hide, ^ j§ .t'sang nih'.
Hir, |a,tsu, -^Jin^
Imitate, ^.hioh, ^ ^ hiau*^
'fah.
Imform, -^ ^ kau' su'.
Injure, f^ ^ ,shang hai^^^
^ sun hai'.
Instruct,^ gill chiau' hiiin'.
Intercept, ^ ^ .tsieh .Ian.
Investigate,^ ^.c'ha ,c'hah.
Invite, IpI H'sing.
Kneel, ^ fewei',
ts'i.
Ladle, ^ 't'san.
Lead, ^j ^ 'yin tau".
iLeave it there, ^ ^ .lieu ,cho.
89
Leave a place, ^ pQ .li ,k'ai.
Lend,'^ tsie^
Let, yi ^ ,c'hnh lin^
Lie down, B|i^ ^ .mien hia^,
jH "T^ 't^ang hia^
Lie (falsely), ^ fgf ^iwang
hwa^
Lift, Ji: fe 'chti 'c^hi, H ^
.c^hmg 'c^hi.
Look, ^ 'c^heu, ^ k^an^
Look after, V^^ i§chau^ ,ying
Make, ^ tso^
Manage, ^ ^ 'kwan 'li.
Mark,^|^|l 'ta yiu^
Match, SB :^ p^ei' ,cho.
May, Pf ]^ 'k^o 'i.
Measure, jg liang^
Meet, tS ^ ^' ^cho.
Mend, 'f^ 'sieu.
Mix, 1^ tRJ .t^au .ho.
Mock, ^ 1^ hi^ leng^
Molest, 1^ ^ .nan .wei.
Nail, ^ ting^
Name, ^ ^ 'c^hi .ming.
O^y? ^ ^ -^sim .t^sung.
Offend, f' ^E, ,kan fan^
Oppose, fB "^ .chii chu^
Ought, ig ^ .ying ,tang.
Overturn, ^ "^J ,t^ui 'tau.
Parch, ^ 1^ ,kan ,t4eh.
Peel, M i^ ,poh p^i.
Perforate, ^^^ ,c'hwen
kwo^ c^hti^
Perspire, jl| ff ,c^huh han^
Plait, tr^ Ha ,pien.
Planej-glJ .p'au.
^ 'tau kau'.
ti* pei^
Pierce, 5u jchah, ^ ,c^hwen.
Plough, ^ .keng or ,ching.
Pray,
Prepare, 5| ^
Print, fp yin^ ['tseu.
Proceed,Jt'||0^shang* .t'sien
Produce, \\\ ,c'huh, ^ \ji\
,sheng ,c^huh. fcheng^
Produce evidence, ^| gflE 'yiu
Prosper, J^. fl£ ,hing wang^
Protect, j^ ^ 'pau yeu^
Purify, ^'si.
Pursue, xil ^ ,chui 'kan.
Push,|i,t^ui.
Put,:^,koh, :^.ngan,^fang^
Rail at persons,^ y^ma'.jen.
Reap, lyC ,sheu, ^^ 'lien.
Read, ^ .tuh.
Rebel, ^ ^ tsau^ 'fan.
Receive, ^. ^ sheu' ,choh.
do. ^l] -^ tau' 'sheu.
Redeem, ^ .shuh.
Redress grievances,^ ^,shen
,yuen.
Reduce, Jj^ ^ 'chien ,c^hing.
Refine, j^ lien^
Reform, ^ IE 'kai cheng^
Release, ^ ^ jk^ai ,shih.
Remove, J^ ^ ,pan ,3hia.
liepay, Pa 3^ P^ei .hwan.
Repent, »f^ iS[ hwei' 'kai.
Reply, [BJ ^ .hwei ,tah.
Represent, ^ '^ 'tang tso^
Reprove, ^ "jl^ tseh pei^
Rest, ^ ,||^ ,ngan sih.
Return; |i^ ^ .hwei c^iii^
\H)
Kowiird, ^ 'sluing.
Kide horses,]^ .c4u.
Rub, ^ .mo.
Salute, ^f9 ^ 'tsing ,ngan.
Scatter, "^ ^ san' ^k'ai.
Scoop,f^ wah'.
See, ^ ^ k^an' chien^
Seize, i^ ^ .na ,clio.
Send, tr & 'ta ,fiih, fg jt
,sliau sin^
Serve, ^ ^ slif feng^
Shake, ^ .yau, ^ 'ten.
Shave, j^li'i'.
Shut, H ,kwan.
Sing, V^ c^hang^
Singe,i^ ^ E,shau^ .yen 'sai
or seh.
Sit down, ^n^tso^hia^
Slap on the face, tTi^ B
-^ 'ta 'tsui pa^ 'tsi.
Smear, ^ .t'u, P^ ,p^en.
Smile, ^ ^ .han siau^
Smuggle, fjifl ^ ,t^eu shui
SnufF candle, 3^ -^ ^ ^
,chiah c^hti^ lah^ ,hwa.
Soothe, ^ ^ jHgan wei^.
Speak, |9J ^ ,8hwoh hwa^
Spend, ft^M fei^ yung^
Spin; ^ ^ 'fang sien^
Sprinkle, ]^ -^ 'sha c^hii^
Start, ^ :^ 'c^hi ,shen.
Sting, j^J t^si^
Strike, tl 'ta.
Surrender, ^ ^ .t^eu .hiang.
Sustain, g 'tang.
Take, ^ .na, i^ 't^sii.
Take up time, |^ ^ ,tan
wu.
Taste, -^ .Chiang.
Teach, ^ chiau^
Tear, Wr ^ jSi* p'o^
Tempt, ^ /^ 'yen hwoh'.
Thank, ^ H sie' sie^
Think, ^@^ i^ ,si 'siang.
Thirst, y§ 'k'oh.
Throw, :^ jeng.
Toast, }^ k^.angS i)^ 'k^au.
Translate, ^ ^ ,fan i^
Treat, ^ :^ k^an^ tai^
Tremble. ^ ^^ ,fah 'teu, tT
^ 11^ 'ta chan^ chan^
Try, ^ iC # Bhi^ shi^
k^an^.
Turn back, |r| ||. .hwei
chwen.
Wait, ^ ^ 'teng heu^
Wake, @S 'sing.
Waken, Wf ^ chiau^ 'sing.
Warn, ^ jfj^ 'ching chie^
Waste, :i]|.^lang^fei^
Watch the house, ^ ^ k^an^
,chia.
Weave, ^ flj ,chih pu^
Weep, ;5^ ,k^uh.
Weigh, ^ clieng'.
Wrap, ^ ^ ,pau ,choh.
Wring dry, ^ ^ 'nieu jkan.
Write" ]^ 'sie.
Svvriir,
.fah shili'.
91
4(J. Distinctive Numeral Farticles."^
i® ko*, as in — "f® ^ .yili ko' jen, a man. Also of cash,
loaves, etc. [etc.
^ 'clian, small cup. Used of lamps, tea-cups, chiiia-traj's,
5r ,chang, to stretch. Numeral of tables, bows, lips, etc.
^i ,chih. Numeral of fowls, sheep, boats.
4X jch'i. Numeral of pencils, fifes, branches.
j^ c'hu^, place. Numeral of places and houses.
^ jfeng, to seal. Numeral of letters and packets.
^ chia', a su2)2^ort. Numeral of cannon.
^§i ,ken, root. Numeral of poles, masts, etc
in 'k^eu, mouth. Numeral of coffins, bells, water vessels.
"XY chien', divide. Numeral of things, clothes.
^ chiuen^, roZ? up. Numeral of pictures.
tI^ 'k^o, small head. Numeral of pearls and grain.
^ ,k^o, rank; order. Numeral of trees.
^ 'kwan, pipe. Numeral of fifes, pencils.
^ k^wai', a piece of. Numeral of dollars, stones, etc.
4M 'ling, 7iecJc. Numeral of mats, blinds, etc.
^ mienS/ace. Numeral of flags, drums, etc. ,c-ha shang'
.c'hi 'tsi, set up a flag. [chairs.
m 'pa, handful. Numeral of knives, mallets, clubs, spoons,
2JJ 'pen, root. Numeral of books, account books.
pC 'p4h, to pair. Numeral of horses, mules, etc.
^ p^u', to spread out. Numeral of beds and couches.
^ pu^, step. Used of situations. Che^ pu' .t^en ti^, stick
a position as this.
f^ 'so, place. Numeral of houses. [hundred cows.
^ .t'eif, l{eap. Used of aminals. ,San 'paih .t'eu ,nieu, three
^ .t^iau, sprout, branch. ' Numeral of collars, clubs, ropes,
dogs, dragons, snakes, fishes, roads, doctrines, etc.
]§ 'ting, summit. Numeral of hats, sedan chairs.
^ 'to. Numeral of flowers.
* These particles are used to connect a number with its noun, when that
noun represents an individual thing, i. e. when it is an appellative noun. There
are about forty such particles, and of these arbitrary usage determines which
sh^ll be employed with any noun.
92
^ to^ Numeral of walls,
ii^ twan^, orderly. Numeral of things, affairs.
0, tso^, a seat. Numeral of inns, temples, hills, etc.
^ .wen. Numeral of copper cash.
J^ .wei, tail Numeral of fishes.
^ wei', seat. Numeral of scholars, mandarins, teachers.
Significant Numeratives.'*
^ .chang, a sheet o/paper, skin, flat thin cakes, p^ §^ 'fj Wk
'Hang ,chang .chuh 'cli'i, tioo sheets of bamboo paper.
^. .&he, a carriage load or barroio load of wood, lime,
bricks, etc. «
^ .che, Vifold of paper. ,
p^ chen', a gust or burst of wind, rain, hail ( pau' 'tsi ), or
thunder. ^ J — * |*^ m '^^ '^^^^^ 1^^ chen' .lei, there
i^ jChoh, a table of rice. \ivas a burst of thunder.
*jv£ chu', a stick of incense.
^ .c'hwen, a boat load of anything. ^ ^ ^^ )^ 1^ H
.lai liau yih' .c^hwen .hien .ti, a 6oa^ of salt fish has come,
lj)g -^ ,fuh 'tsY, 9. fold of cloth, of blinds, of curtains.
^' .feng, a sealed pachet of letters, etc.
3^ 'hiang, a Aea^? of silver.
in 'k'eu, a mouthful of rice, etc.
^ jchien, an apartment of a house.
^ chti', a sentence of books, words.
^ kSvai', a piece of land, cake.
j^ .kSven, d^ faggot or bundle of wood, string.
f^ lieu', a stream or ifrac^ of water, land, etc.
/jdfc lih^ a g'y'at^ of corn, etc. ,
:m pa', a handful of rice, etc.
^ ,pau, a bundle of sugar, clothes, etc.
^ .p'iau, a scoop of water, etc. [of houses.
^ ,p-ien, d^ piece of land, water, clouds, snow; a col lection
* These words are used to connect numbers with material nouns or with
other nouns, when a part of them needs to be spoken of. Significant numera-
tives are definite or indefinite. Those which are definite are ^veights and mea-
sures. Those which are indefinite are here exemplified.
98
^ p4en'^, apiece of writing or of a book.
/E 'p'ih, a piece of cloth.
Jm -sih, a mat, a feast, a party of guests.
jp shan', a fsm^fold of a door.
^ 'sheu, a /land covered with blood, earth, etc.
•^ Jlj> 'sheu .sin, a handful of rice, etc.
:|^ .t'ai, a load (carried by two persons) of anything.
^ taiS a tract of land, water, streets, clouds, etc.
^ tan', a ?oac? (carried by one person) of anything.
^ tau', Si path or stream of light.
^ .t'eu, a /ieacZ or end of string.
*PE ,t4au, a load (ciyried by one person).
fj^ .t4au, a length of anything.
to -t^eh, aj^iece o/plaister, of gold leaf, etc.
^ 'tieii, a dot, a Z^Y^Ze of.
^ .t'o, a Aeop of salt, of cash; a cake of pastry, etc.
g t'o, a iaZ?, made by winding; a cake of pastiy, etc.
m tunS a mea? o/rice, etc. a beating (with 'ta, to strike )
m .tui, a heap of earth, fruit, stones; croe^rfof men, animals
g| tSvan, anything round, a ball of hair, hemp, silk.
^ .t'san, a meal. * r i xi_
^ X. . [cloth.
m .t seng, a s^or^/ of pagodas, towers; thickness of paper
f|J tsieh, ayom^ or subdivision of anything as of bamboo a
whip, a finger, the spine. ^
/L .wan, apill of medicine.
^ weiS taste, kind, of medicine, food, etc.
48. Weights, Measures, Vessels, and other definite divisions.
S 'f'hap, small cup.
yA chanS a stage on a journey; in Kiang-nan 90 U or 30
English miles; in North China a distance varying between
60 and 130 li.
g ,chang leaf of a book, of paper, of gold leaf; a single skin.
^ jchang, section of a book.
yZ chang', ten feet, or 141 inches English.
# c'haou', the 1000th paH of a ,sheng or pint.
J)4
^ c*heng^, 10 catties' or pounds' weight,
}^ 'c^hih, Chinese /oo^; 14 inches and one-tenth English.
j^ .c^hu, a loardrohe; hook-case,
ffi "^ jChung 'tsi, a cup. -
^ ,fen, a candareen or tenth part of a mace; one cent; ^ew^/i
0/ an inch; a minute^
^ .hau, a small measure of length; tenth of a li.
• p hia^5 a stroke of the clock; an hour.
|W -f- .hia 'tsi, a small box.
^ hieh,'^ -J- 'hwei 'ts'i, '^ ^ 'hwei .ri, ( 'hwur, in north-
ern China,) an instant of time,
^ .hu, a tea pot or wine pot,
^ jhuhj lO^A part of a hau.
^ .huh,/i;e teiL
H.jihS day,
PPt jkang, a la^^ge vessel for holding water, and other liquids.
J5 jkeng ( jChing in the north), a watch ^ 5th part of a night;
counted from night-fall to day-break.
^J .k'eh, quarter of an hour,
fX jchin, a catty, or IJ ft). English.
"j^ 'c'hing, 100 meu of land.
^ 'chioh, a drinking horn, a horn of wine"; 'chiauh, 4th of
anything, corner.
^ chiiien', chapter of a book. [ handful,
-^ hoh^, tenth of a sheng or pint; in northern usage, a
^ jkung, a hoWy (as a measure for land ) five feet.
"BjJ chti', a sentence,
5@ kwan^, a pitcher ; a pot,
' ^ "^ jk^wang 'tsi, a basket.
"^ kwei^, a loardrobe; clipboard,
^ .kwoh, a frying pan, ^
^ .Ian, a basket.
^ 'leu, a hamper (with a small mouth).
IB. 'li, Chinese mile, ird of an English mile.
^ .li, 10th part of a fen; 100th part of an inch.
^ 'liang, a tael; 1 J oz; sixteenth of a catty, or l-12th of a !b.
^ 'meu, 'mu, 240 square pu', or 6,400 square Chinese feet
^ 'miau, a second,
^ .men, a year.
W: .p^an, a plate^ or tray of earthenware or wood.
m .p^en, dish; boivl; hasin,
^ peng^, an earthen pitcher.
jffi jpei, a loine cup,
' ;j5& p^iau, a cocoa-nut scoop,
JK .p^ing, a bottle; vase,
/B Y'^K "i^) feet of cloth,
^ pu^j/ve feet, used in measuring land.
^ jShah, an instant (southern).
B|p) 'shang, a forenoon or afternoon.
g 'sheu, a piece of poetry,
J ,sheng, a pint measure (of rice li catty in the north).
JHT »hi', a generation; an age; thirty years.
B# .shi, Hf ^ .sh-i .c^hen, Ht It .Shi- heu^ a,^ hour; two
English hours,
siang, a chest; box.
^ ,81, 100th part of a .hau; 10th part of a huh',
^ sui^, a 2^ear.
^ ^ ,sau, a bucket.
Tvl tai^, a generation.
tJ ^ 'k^eu tai^, a 6a^.
# tanS apecul; one hundred catties; 133iMiglish pounds.
^ .t'an, a pitcher,
M, t'^ingS a column of characters.
-H" 'ten, ten pints or s/ie/j^.
)l^ "F* .tieh 'tsi, a plate,
WR SB 'tien ,chung, a^ hour.
^ .t^ien, a c?ay.
M ^ .tsieh c^hiS solar term; 24th of a solar year.
^.Vsien, a mace; tenth of an ounce or tael (liang); a
piece of coined money.
^ ,t^soh, lOO^A of a sheng ov pint.
"^ t^^un^, a Chinese inch; 1-175 of an English inch.
96
4ffi 't^ung, a barrel; cask or bucket.
^ weng^5 a large tvater vessel.
^ 'wan, a small basin.
^ yeh^j a leaf of a book.
^ yiieh*, a month.
49. Collectives.
4$ "^ ,chi 'tsT, a branch of flowers, of a family, of an army.
$ c'hwen^, a c/ia^?^ of cash, beads, pearls.
^ fu^, a pair, or se^ o£ antithetical sentences, of ear-rings.
^ .hang, a 7^a7ik of trees, of parallel threads. .
^ .hu, a quiver of arrows.
5^ 'hwo, a company of men.
5 .chiiin, a^i army,
^ 7^ kSvai^ ,ri. the luhole of a thing.
^ kwan^, a chain of gold, precious stones or pearls.
^ .c^hiiin, b> flock or herd of sheep, cattle, wolves.
^ 'ku, sAare in trade, division of an army; breeze of wind.
^ .p^ai, a raft of timber, bamboo.
^ ,pan, a se^ of men; rani- of soldiers.
^ pMen', a splinter; collection of building.
^ ,shwang, a pair of shoes, choj)sticks (kSvai^ Hsi).
^ tai^, a ^rac^ of land.
yj ,tau, parcel of 100 or more sheets of paper.
^ t^au^, a covering; cover ofbooks, (several stitched volumes
placed together in a loose cover are called a t*au.)
^ .c'hi, banner, J^^ — * ]^ .shuh 'nayih-' .c'hi, to tohich
banner does he belong?
^ .tsuh, kindred,
1^ tui', a party of five or more soldiers.
^ tui^, a iKiir.
45. Auxiliary Nouns of Quality,
^ 'chung, sor^ of men; ^07*^zon of silver, jj^ ^ yv clie^
'chung .jen, this sort of men.
^ hiangS part of; sort of. M ""^ ^ ^>S M^^^M
— '^^:^|S^"^65 ^h^' -yih liiang^ .t^sien slii'
ku^ .c^wen ,tih,^-iia^ .yili liiang^ .t^sien shi' ku^ ,c^he 'tsi
jtih, this part of the 7noney is to hire a boat, and that to
hire a Cart, ^ — * ^ ^ 'Iw che' .yih hiang' shi*^ -t'sing,
- this sort of thing,
;ff .,kan, stem; sort of. ftfc IPI X :^ ' lT^ A jt'a ^nieii
yeu' sh'i^ yih' ,kan .jeii, they are another sort of people,
^ leiS sort of. ^ ^ — ' IS &^ A -P^l^ sh'i^ .yih lei*' ,tih
.jen, he is not the same sort of man,
^ .pan, the same in kind, sort of; ^Wijtw^ che' ,pan
jkwang 'ching, this sort of appearance,
^ yang^ Icind of; i^ ^ A l5p che^ yang' .jen ''p4n. this
kind of men.
54. Numeral Particles to Verbs,
' il ,fan, to turn over. X ^ "^ ^ ^ T y^^' shi' yih-
,fan .lai 'liau, he is qome once more.
"f* hia^, numeral of strokes. ^ X ^ TI^ ^ 'ta 'liau ,san
hia^ jchung, it has struck three times.
^ ^hwei^ 'tsi*, a meeting.^ f — * '^ "^ c'hti' 'liau .yih
hwei' 'ts'i, he has gone once,
^ pien^, to go completely round; numeral of seeing, ff^ JjS
^ ^ .t^siau kwo' 'liang ^pien, / have looked through it
^ t^ang^, a time\ numeral of any action, [twice.
^ ,tsau, numeral of revoZz^^iOTis; as of oxen grinding, the sun
revolving.
^ t^si'-j repetition) numeral of any action.
55. Phrases at an Inn J£ tien\
^tW" ^'f' jkan tsing- ,wu ,tsi, a clean apartment.
j^ i^ ,shau k'ang^, light the brick couch.
^ ii ^ 'chu ,chi tan^ boil eggs,
^ :^ 1^ jtsien .yang jeuS/ry mutton.
lit ^ tun- .chi, >iii:\y fowh'.
OS
Mg ^ ^ 'lua ting' chang, shoe the horse,
}^^^ wei^ 't^sau liavi^, feed him ivith strata and corn.
^ P B^ T sheng 'k^eu wei^ 'liau, the animals are fed.
-^ ^ .fang .t'sien, money for lodging.
'fr Jl H V '^^ jcliing ,iihy the watchman.
i^ Jt zfe ^ k^ang' shaiig' tso^ ,cho, sitting ok the brick ^
bedplace.
tffl Jt ^ ^ 'k^wun shang' ,p'u kai^, tie up the bedding.
^ ^ -y* ,p^u juh^ ,tsi, spread out the mattrass.
ir m ^ '^^ jk^ai pei^, unloose the coverlid.
^ Jl J^ "^ -sa shang^ to^ jtsi, pack the pack saddle.
1^ ^ S "^ jkau .liang teu^ ,tsi, millet and beans.
APPENDIX I.
Tones of the Peking dialect.
1. Words in the first tone class, Jt ^ shang p^ng, take
the upper quick falling inflection; by the falling inflection
being meant the tone of commands in English. But this be-
comes the upper even monotone, in combination with another
word following. If a word of this class stands last without
the accent, it assumes the lower quick even monotone, as in
^Y ^ wai^ jpi^n, outside.
2. Words in the second tone class, Jl ^ shang sheno-
take the lower quick or slow rising inflection. The rising in-
flection is in English the tone of questions. When two words
of this class are placed together, the former takes the upper-
quick rising inflectioai, as in |^ |^ 'si lien, tvash the face.
3. Words in the third tone class,^ ^ c^hii sheng, take
the lower quick faljing inflection, or occasionally the lower
slow falling circumflex, which first falls and afterwards
rises. When two words of this class are placed together, the
last is pitched high, and becomes the upper quick falling
inflection.
4. Words in the fifth class,n> ^ hia p^ing, take the up-
per quick rising inflection, or occasionally the upper quick
99
rising circumflex, whicti is a double inflection, first rising and
then falling.
5. Words belonging primarily to the fourth tone class, /v
^ juh sheng, are, in the spoken dialect, distributed among
the other tone-classes in the following manner: —
Old tone-class.
Initial letter.
Peking tone-class.
Upper juh sheng.
k, t, p, s.
ts, ch, h, w, y.
Upper p^ing ,sheng Jl ^
Lower juh sheng.
k, t, p, s. Lower p'ing sheng "J^ ^
ts, ch, h.
Lower juh sheng.
1, m, n.
i, w, y.
■^ ^ c'hu sheng.
JJ^* This is the general law, but the exceptions are very
numerous, and they admit, for the most part, of reduction
to a few subordinate laws, which here follow, numbered 6 to 9.
6. Many upper juh sheng words, principally substantives,
with the initials k, t, etc. and accustomed to be pronounced
alone, are heard in the second tone or shang sheng,* e. g. J^J
^hie, blood; ]g 'pai, a hundred; ^ 't^ieh, iron;/\, 'c'hi*, a
foot; ;|{J 'pei, north ;j^'t^Si, a pagoda;^ 'chiau,/oo^; ipE
'-pi, pencil. Many words whose' usual tone is the first, take
Jl ^ shang sheng for a special sense, as BffljC'hu, crooiec?,
but 'c'hti, a song,
7. . Words taken from the book language, and not used to
be pronounced singly, or not themselves thoroughly colloquial,
prefer the third tone or ^ ^ c'hti sheng; e. g. ij^t'e, pur-
posely; Spc^hilie, true;'^ so, new moon;^ she, to place;
^ k^e, a guest; When a word has the first tone for a com-
mon colloquial sense, as f^ ,ko, to place, it often prefers -^
^ c'hti sheng, for another sense it may bear in combination,
3*8 JUfll f^ ,tan ko', to remain anywhere for sometime,
8. Certain syllables have a preferenpe for the fifth tone, or
* Words needing to be pronounced singly would naturally adopt the second
tone, wliich, in Peking, is enunciated with particular distinctness.
100
~P ^ Ilia p'ing, p. g. chu, chi, chi, fu, ko, tse. te, ^fa^
happiripss; fg* teh, to obtain, etc.
9. The reading tone of manj juh sheng words, whicli obey
the preceding laws, is ^ ^ c^hii sheng ; and this is espe-
cially true of thos^ that are colloquially attached to the first
and fifth tone classes; all such, when used in poetry, are read
with the intonation of c'hii sheng. In poetry, juh sjieng
words are all transferred to c'hii sheng, except a few found in
shang sheng.
10. Words arrange themselves in groups of two, three and
four, regulated by accent. The accent falls usually on the last
word in a combination of two; on the second and fourth in a
combination of four; and on the first and last in a combina-
tion of three. But when, as often occurs, two sounds are so
closely combined as to become one dissyllabic word, the accent
is on the first; e. g- @ J^ .shen jmq, what? ^ "ff^ 'wo
.men, ^vc.
11. When the accent is on the first of two sounds forming
a disvSjdlabic word, or the one significant and the other enclitic,
the last loses its proj^er tone, and ass ume^ that of V^y' shang
p4ng. the first tone class. This is the reason that the proper
tone of the following, among many more common words, viz.
y^ .cho, .chau, it is so ;^ .ri*, 5on;Pxmen, door ;^^ .t'eu,
head ;j^ 'mo, interrogative particle,^ .ni, interrogative par-
ticle, -J^'tsi, son;j^ .t^sing, thing ;9^lo, final particle ; -^
.ye, father; ^ .lai, come; "^ 'lau, old ; 'j® ko^, a particle,
is in the Peking dialect habitually exchanged for Jl '^shang
p^ing, in certain familiar combinations; e. g.
^ ^ .lieu ,cho, leave it there.
WJ 11 -y^ ,men, mandarin office,
^ §^ li ,t^eu, loithin.
■& JS -shen .mo, ivhat.
'yj^ -f- 'lau ji^ij father.
^ Ipj shr ,t^sing, thing-
y^ ^ 'lau ,ye, aged sir; a common title of address to man-
[BJ ^ .hwei .lai, come back, [darins.
i4^ "^ 'ni ,1au, yotc my old friend.
101
ig 'jQ che' .ko, thi<^.
12. The initials k^ t, p, ch, and ts, are always aspirated
in the fifth tone-class, except when the words to which they
belong are derived from ^ ^ juh sheng.
13. The presence of the initials. 1, m, n, r, j, in the first
tone-class, is limited to words which are exclusively colloquial,
or a^ected in tone by the particular position of the accent, as
explained in law 12.
14. The suffix J^ .ri, attached to the substantives and
other words very extensively in the north, is frequently ab-
sorbed into the word to which it is attached. The final letters
n, ng, and the vowels are then exchanged for r, while the tone
of the word is kept and that of the suffix is lost.
Normal form.
Observations,
A ^ Jen ,ri
^ ^ .t'sien ,ri
^ ^,t*ien ,ri
^ ^ k'wai' ,ri
^ "F* ^ ;Chi 'tsi ,ri
:^ % 'pan ,ri
M, % Mg >r^' (Qr ,fung)
e as in French le.
e as in mercy,
e as in mercy.
e as in mercy,
e as in French le,
e as in French le.
Si as in art,
e as in mercy a,s for
15. The words — ' i, one, and ^ pu, not, vary their tone
according to their position in the collocation of words to which
they belong. Before a word in -^s* ^c^hti sheng they prefer
hia p4ng. Before shang p^ing, shang sheng, or hia p4ng,
they take the c^hti sheng intonation, and when standing last
they are heard in the first tone, e. g.>v "^ -P^ shi'^, it is not
so;^ ^ P^' -laij J^^ ^li^l ^^^^ come; ^ — ' ,c^hu ,i, the first
day of the month.
Observations.
These laws servo for Tiontsin as well as Peking, except that
102
•
tho first tone-class receives the lower slow even tone, and the
third or c4iu slieng, the upper quick falling inflection.
In the distribution of the juh sheng words among the other
tone-classes, there is little difference between the usage of
Peking and Tientsin.
The student is recommended to verify these fifteen laws, with
the aid of a native and Mr. Wade's very useful Peking sylla-
bary. The tones there assigned to juh sheng words will be
found to be, in many instances, irregular and uncertain. This
is on account of the transition state of these words. Thus,
S, ^3 ^, chi, si, si, belonging to^^ >\hia juh, should be
in ^ '^ hia p4ng by law 5. But they are placed in the
syllabary under Jt ^ shang p'ing. A Pekinese whom I con-
sulted transferred them at once to"]^ '^ hia p^ing. In such
cases, the difference of authorities indicates that a transition
is taken place, and the law of change tells us which sound
will ultimately prevail.
I am happy here to take the opportunity of referring to
assistance, which I derived from suggestions by Mr. William
Stronach in regard to some of the preceding laws.
II.
Tones of the Nanlcing dialect,
1. Words in the first tone class take for their distinctive
intonation, the lower slow monotone, or sometimes the lower
slow falling inflection, which consists of a slide of the voice
downwards.
2. Words in the second tone class, Jl ^ shang sheng,
take the lower slow rising inflection, or to express the thing
differently, in enunciating them the voipe slides upwards.
3. Words in the class known as -^ ^ c^hti sheng, take
the quick falling inflection.
4. Words in the fourth class, or/^ ^ juh sheng, are short
in time.
5. Words in the fifth class, or'7^ ^ hia p'ing, take the
upper quick rising inflection.
10:^
III.
Tones at Chefoo {Fuh-shau hitn) (Yen-t^ai).
1. Words in Jt ^ shang p^ing, the first tone take the
lower slow lising inflection.
2. Words in the second tone-class JL ^ shangsheng,
take the upper quick rising inflection.
3. The third class-^ ^c^hii sheng, takes the upper quick
falling inflection.
4. The class called ^ ^ hia p^ing, takes for its intona-
tion the lower quick falling inflection.
5. Words of the fourth class or juh sheng are distributed
principally among the second and fifth classes; those of the
upper division^ or Jt /^ shang juh, preferring shang sheng,
while such as are in the lower division, p /v hia juh, are
usually found in "f* ^ hia p^lng.
V (XIL
-r-^
S '
^
THIS BOOK IB DVB ON TBB LAST DATB
8TAKPBD BBLOW
AN INITIAL FINS OF 26 CENTS
WILL BE AMKSSKD FOR PAILURK TO RITURN
THIS BOOK ON THK DATE DUB. THK PINALTY
WILL INCRRASB TO 80 CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO fl.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
NOV 8 19 a /
JAUe 8 flg
BL
SENTC:.MLL
FEB 2 1996
U. C. BER.'CSLEY
JUN 8 6 2003
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